MLT 106 Unit 4 Exam 2025

What is the technique in which one excludes antibodies that could not be responsible for reactivity seen? What is advised? - -rule out technique only for homozygous expression What type of manufactured cells are used in panel evaluation? What phases are tested? - -O cells in 3 phases of testing (IS, 37, AHG) What is RESt? - -rabbit erythrocyte stroma; removes insignificant antibodies If phenotyping is difficult, what may be performed? - -homologous adsorption What is AHG? What is the difference between mono- and polyspecific? - -antihuman globulin; green bottle reagent mono has specific complement or anti-IgG poly contains several What technology produces monoclonal antibodies? - -hybridoma - mouse spleen lymphocyte with myeloma What produces polyclonal antibodies? - -rabbits; inject animals and harvest antibodies What is the difference between IAT and DAT? - -in vitro - in a tube in vivo - in the body (no incubation phase) Why would you run a DAT? - -transfusion within 2 weeks history of antibodies pregnancy Do you use a DAT or IAT for cord blood studies in mother and neonate compatibility? - DAT For what patients would you run an antibody evaluation? - -patients with a history of clinically significant antibodies How do you confirm validity of antibody identification? - -Phenotype Which method checks to see if the pattern of antigen-positive cells matches the pattern of reactivity? - -Inclusion Which method is based on negative results to rule out antibodies? - -Exclusion MLT 106 MLT 106 Does adsorption, elution, or neutralization use the individual's own cells due to presence of an interfering antibody when trying to find unexpected antibodies? - -Adsorption If a person is anemic and their own cells cannot be used, what do you do? - homologous adsorption If you cannot use their own cells because they had a recent transfusion and have a positive DAT, what do you do? - -differential adsorption What is the purpose of elution? - -free bound antibodies from the RBC Which elution destroys the RBC? Which leaves the RBC intact - -total partial What temperature is gentle and total temperature induced elution? - -45 56 What pH is necessary for pH elution? - -3 pH elution is good at identifying what type of antibodies? - -Non-ABO Which type of antigens are on Type 1 precursors? - -Lewis Is Lea or Leb produced in the absence of a secretor gene? - -Lea What causes Le(a+b+)? - -weak secretor gene What Le phenotype is observed when Lewis and secretor are both present? - -Le(a-b+) What Le phenotype is observed when Lewis is present and secretor is absent? - Le(a+b-) What Le phenotype is observed when Lewis is absent and secretor is present? - -Le(a b-) ABO antigens on body fluids When are Lewis antigens detectable in plasmas? - -After 10 days How long does it take for true Lewis phenotype to appear? - -6 to 7 years Which Lewis antigen reacts with both Lea and Leb and with 90% cord RBCs - -Leab Does LebH antibody react with A2Leb or A1Leb antigens? - -A2Leb MLT 106 What antigen is found in secretions in very few numbers? - -Lea What may cause transient production of anti-Lea? - -Pregnancy What microorganism is associated with Lewis system antigens due to receptors that are capable of interaction? - -helicobacter pylori Are Lewis antibodies clinically significant? - -No Who discovered the MN antibodies? - -Landsteiner and Levine Who discovered the S antigen? - -Walsh and Montgomery Which antigen is found on GPA B? - -S and s Which antigen is found on GPA A? - -M and N Is anti-M, N, S, or s clinically significant? - -anti-S and anti-s IgG, AHG phase, binds complement Is the U antigen common or rare? - -Common What phenotype is the resultl of a rare deletion at the GYPA locus? - -En(a-) anti-ENa is produced What antibody is seen in very few individuals (less than 10)? Is it clinically significant? - -anti-U yes What is the Mk phenotype? - -null phenotype single near-complete deletion of both GYPA and GYPB What blood group system uses lactosylceramide as the precursor substance? - -P and Globoside What is the code for globoside blood group system? - -028 What is the code for the P blood group system? - -003 What is the most common antigen in the P blood group system? - -P1 How long may it take for P1 to be fully expressed? - -7 years What condition is associated with P1 antigens? - -hydatid cyst infection; echinococcus granulosus tapeworms MLT 106 MLT 106 MLT 106 What is the Donath-Landsteiner antibody? What is unique about it? - -anti-P causes spontaneous abortion; biphasic hemolysin Is anti-P1 or anti-Pk clinically significant? - -Anti-Pk In what case would anti-P and anti-Pk cause HDFN? - -In p individuals What is a characteristic of the relationship between I and i antigens? - -Reciprocals Is i or I more common in newborns or adults? - -i If I antigen never develops, what is the phenotype? What type of blood should they receive? - -iadult i blood anti-I is associated with what cold agglutinin disease? - -mycoplasma pneumonia What antibody is seen in infectious mononucleosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, reticulosis, and myeloid leukemia? - -Anti-i Autoanti-i is associated with what condition? - -infectious mononucleosis What is the code for Kell blood group system? - -006 What results in Kell-null phenotype? - -homozygous Ko What antibody is produced by Kell-null phenotype? - -anti-Ku After ABO and Rh what is the most common clinically significant antibody seen in blood bank? - -Anti-k What is the condition in which an individual appears to be Kell null but demonstrate weak expression of k, Kpb and Jsb? - -McLeod What condition is associated with cardiomyopathy, splenomegly, and chronic granulomatous disease? - -McLeod Which gene plays a role in susceptibility to red cell invasion by plasmodium vivax (malaria)? - -Duffy (lack of Fy6 receptor is resistant) Which antigen is higher expressed in caucasian and black individuals, Fy3 or Fy4? - Fy3 - Caucasian Fy4 - African American MLT 106 MLT 106 Are Fya and Fyb clinically significant? - -Yes What is In(Jk)? What population is it seen in? - -suppressor gene polynesian and chinese Which system antibodies deteriorate rapidly in storage and fade from circulation causing delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions? - -Kidd system What antibody is associated with methyldopa drug-induced hemolytic anemia or warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia? - -autoantibody-Jka What is the effect of the InLu suppressor gene? - -suppresses expression of Lutheran antigens, but no antibodies are made because a small amount of antigen is still made What antibody is produced in a Lutheran null phenotype? - -anti-Lu3 which reacts with Lua and Lub Which antibody produces a characteristic loose mixed field reaction during in vitro testing? - -anti-Lua; reacts at colder tempeartures Which Lutheran antibodies are significant? - -anti-Lub and anti-Lu3 Which test is based on the principle that antihuman globulins from nonhuman species bind to IgG or complement? - -Coombs' or AHG What 3 blood group systems were found using AHG? - -Kell, Duffy, and Kidd What is the difference between monoclonal and polyclonal AHG production? - monoclonal - hybridoma (mouse spleen lymphocytes with myeloma cells) producing a specific antibody against a single epitope polyclonal - animals are injected with human globulin components and antibodies are collected that are directed against multiple epitopes Which AHG has a higher specificity, mono- or polyclonal? - -Mono Which AHG is more likely to pick up variants? - -Poly Which AHG is cheaper? - -Poly Which AHG has a higher titer? - -Mono Which AHG may not initiate complement fixation, mono- or polyclonal? - -Mono What is the preferred sample for AHG testing? - -Serum