NR599 Final study guide

● NR599 Final study guide
● Ethical80decision80making
○ When80making80choices80about80ethical80issues80based80on80the80standards
80of80right80vs80wrong.
○ It80requires80a80systematic80framework80for80addressing80the80complex80a
nd80often80controversial80moral80questions.
● Bioethical80 standards
○ The80study80of80healthcare80ethics
○ Bioethics80takes80on80relevant80ethical80problems80seen80by80healthcare80p
roviders80in80relation80to80care
● Telehealth
○ wide80range80of80health80services80that80are80delivered80by80telecommun
ications80ready80tools,80such80as80telephone,80videophone,80and80comp
uter
○ is80needed80to80help80fill80the80nursing80shortage80allowing80nursing80to80
see80more80patients80quicker,80as80well80as80the80aging80population
○ Telecommunication80technologies80used80to80deliver80health-
related80services80or80to80connect80patients80and80healthcare80providers80t
o80maximize80patients’80health80status.
○ A80relatively80new80term80in80the80medical/nursing80vocabulary,80referring80to
80a80wide80range80of80health80services80that80are80delivered80by80telecomm
unications-
ready80tools80such80as80the80telephone,80videophone,80and80computer.
● Medical80Applications
○ Software80developed80for80medical80purposes,80including80ho
me80medical80monitoring80system,80medical80databases80for80
healthcare80professionals,80etc.
● Medical8 0 Devices
○ is80any80device80intended80to80be80used80for80medical80purposes
● FDA80Oversight80 for80 Medical80 Devices
● Privacy
○ An80important80issue80related80to80personal80information
○ Restricted80access80of80patient80information80or80data
● Confidentiality
○ To80ensure80that80all80personal80information80is80protected80by80ensuring80tha
t80limited80access80is80only80given80to80those80who80are80authorized80to80vie
w80that80information.
■ Protecting80privacy80of80personal80information80or80data
● Cybersecurity
○ the80state80of80being80protected80against80the80criminal80or80unauthorize
d80use80of80electronic80data,80or80the80measures80taken80to80achieve80t
his.
○ With80the80expansion80of80technology.80Facilities80are80taken80more80precau

,tions80to80prevent80cyber80attacks.80With80the80move80towards80advancing
80cybersecurity80is80important,80technology80continues80to80grow.

, ○ Ensure80all80systems80are80adequately80protected80and80patients80rem
ain80safe80from80harm
○ NI80are80frequently80called80on80to80evaluate80the80safety80and80effectivenes
s80of80new80devices80and80software.
● Computer-aided80translators
○ is80a80form80of80language80translation80in80which80a80human80transl
ator80uses80computer80hardware80to80support80and80facilitate80the80tr
anslation80process.
● HIPPA
○ was80established80in80the80U.S.80in80199680to80protect80an80ind
ividual's80personal80health80care80information.
○ Signed80by80Pres.80Bill80Clinton
○ Healthcare80institutions80are80required80to80meet80all80standard
s80and80comply80with80the80appropriate80security80measures8
0in80order80to80safeguard80patient80data.
○ Four80 parts8 0 to80 HIPAA's80 Administrative80 Simplification
■ Electronic80transactions80and80code80sets80stand
ards80requirements.
■ Privacy80 requirements.
■ Security8 0 requirements.
■ National8 0 identifier8 0 requirements.
● ICD-1080 Coding
○ An80alphanumeric80code80used80by80doctors,80health80insu
rance80companies,80and80public80health80agencies80across80
the80world80to80represent80diagnoses.
○ The80system80offers80accurate80and80up-to-
date80procedure80codes80to80improve80health80care80cost80and80e
nsure80fair80reimbursement80policies
○ The80current80codes80specifically80help80healthcare80providers80t
o80identify80patients80in80need80of80immediate80disease80manage
ment80and80to80tailor80effective80disease80management80progra
ms.
■ Similarly80 ICD80and80CPT80 coding80 go80together
● Is80a80medical80code80set80that80is80used80to80report80
medical,80surgical,80and80diagnostic80procedures80a
nd80services80to80entities80such80as80physicians,80h
ealth80insurance80companies80and80accreditation80o
rganizations.
● Evaluation80and80 Management80 Coding
○ Is80a80medical80coding80process80in80support80of80medical80billing
○ Practicing80health80care80providers80in80the80United80States80must80use80E/
M80coding80to80be80reimbursed80by80Medicare,80Medicaid80programs,80or80
private80insurance80for80patient80encounters.
● Reimbursement80 Coding

, ○ Is80based80on80claims80and80documentation80filed80by80provider
s80using80medical80diagnosis80and80procedure80codes.
○ Commercial80payers80must80use80standards80defined80by80the80
U.S.80Department80of80Health80and80Human80Services80(HHS)80but
80are80largely80regulated80state-by-state.

● Clinical80Support80Tools
○ are80designed80to80help80sift80through80enormous80amounts80of8
0digital80data80to80suggest80next80steps80for80treatments,80alert8
0providers80to80available80information80they80may80not80have80se
en,80or80catch80potential80problems,80such80as80dangerous80medi
cation80interactions
○ Such80as80CDS80clinical80decision80support,80a80program80u
sed80by80providers.
○ Or80various80applications80use80by80healthcare80professionals80to
80allow80for80communicate80between80provider80to80provider80a
nd80provider80to80patient
○ The80tools80are80all80used80to80benefit80patient80outcome
● Workflow80analysis
○ Not80an80optional80part80of80clinical80implementations,80but80rather80a80nece
ssity80for80safe80patient80care80fostered80by80technology.
○ The80ultimate80goal80of80workflow80analysis80is80not80to80“pave80the80cow80
path,”80but80rather80to80create80a80future-
state80solution80that80maximizes80the80use80of80technology80and80elimin
ates80non–value-added80activities.
○ Although80many80tools80and80methods80can80be80used80to80accomplish80
workflow80redesign,80the80best80method80is80the80one80that80complement
s80the80organization80and80supports80the80work80of80clinicians.
○ needs80to80be80done80as80well80as80working80in80optimization80(moving80
conditions80past80their80current80state80into80a80more80effective80metho
d80of80performing.

WEEK80FIVE8 0 READING/80 KEY80POINTS
Key80points80from80the80lessons80and80modules

● Clinical80Decision80 Support8 0 (CDS)
○ Generate80patient80specific80interventions,80assessments8
0and80recommendations
○ CDS80tools80existed80prior80to80development80of80EHRs
○ The80primary80goal80of80implementing80a80CDS80tool80is80to80leverage80dat
a80and80the80scientific80evidence80to80help80guide80appropriate80decision8
0making
● CDS80 improving80 healthcare
○ Reducing80clinical80variation80and80duplicative80testing
○ Ensuring80patient80safety