,Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Ban
uo uo uo uo uo
asik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
uo uo uo
MULTIPLE CHOICE u o
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin ras
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
h, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throa
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
t, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics h
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
ave been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
a. a sore throat. uo uo
b. streptococcal infection. uo
c. genetic susceptibility. uo
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B u o
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throa
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
t is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tende
uo u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
ncy to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clini
uo u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
cal manifestation of the disease process.
uo uo uo uo uo
2. A 17-year-old college-
uo uo
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
example of
uo uo
a. primary prevention. uo
b. secondary prevention. uo
c. tertiary prevention. uo
d. disease treatment. uo
ANS: A u o
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure f
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
or susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary preventio
u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o
n is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention inc
u o u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
ludes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effect
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
ive functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has d
uo u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o
eveloped.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
uo uo uo u o uo uo uo uo uo
a. primary prevention. uo
b. secondary prevention. uo
c. tertiary prevention. uo
d. disease treatment. uo
ANS: B u o
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u
as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Prim
o u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
ary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u o
susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u o
attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
management of the disease once it has developed. uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
,4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodiu
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
m intake. This is an example of
u o uo uo uo uo uo
a. primary prevention. uo
b. secondary prevention. uo
c. tertiary prevention. uo
d. disease treatment. uo
ANS: B u o
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease,
uo u o u o u o uo u o u o u o u o u o u o
such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is pre
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
vention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals.
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
o u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
bility and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
uo u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u
odisease once it has developed. u o u o uo uo
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
lowering medication. This is an example of
u o uo uo uo uo uo
a. primary prevention. uo
b. secondary prevention. uo
c. tertiary prevention. uo
d. disease treatment. uo
ANS: C u o
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
bility and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease b
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
y altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary preven
uo u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
tion is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment in
uo uo u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
volves management of the disease once it has developed.
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs o
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
f this disease. This stage of illness is called the
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo stage.
uo
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B u o
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the f
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
irst appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called th
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
e incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and sympt
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
oms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malai
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
se, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the st
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
age of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
uo u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
7. A uo disease that is native to a particular region is called
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
, ANS: B u o
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease th
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
at spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u
odistribution pattern. uo
8. In uo general, with aging, organ size and function
uo uo uo uo uo uo
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. uo uo
d. are unknown.
uo
ANS: B u o
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are wel
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
l established, is referred to as
u o uo uo uo uo
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B u o
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an i
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u o
njurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal perio
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u o
d, or prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
of a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical
uo uo u o u o u o uo uo u o uo uo uo u o u o u o u o
operation.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE u o
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
(Select all that apply.) uo uo uo
a. gender difference. uo
b. situational factors. uo
c. normal variation. uo
d. cultural variation. uo
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E u o uo uo uo
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnorma
uo u o u o uo u o u o u o u o u o u o u o
l).
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. uo
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
uo uo uo uo uo
asik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
uo uo uo
MULTIPLE CHOICE u o
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin ras
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
h, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throa
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
t, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics h
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
ave been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
a. a sore throat. uo uo
b. streptococcal infection. uo
c. genetic susceptibility. uo
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B u o
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throa
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
t is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tende
uo u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
ncy to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clini
uo u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
cal manifestation of the disease process.
uo uo uo uo uo
2. A 17-year-old college-
uo uo
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
example of
uo uo
a. primary prevention. uo
b. secondary prevention. uo
c. tertiary prevention. uo
d. disease treatment. uo
ANS: A u o
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure f
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
or susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary preventio
u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o
n is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention inc
u o u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
ludes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effect
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
ive functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has d
uo u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o
eveloped.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
uo uo uo u o uo uo uo uo uo
a. primary prevention. uo
b. secondary prevention. uo
c. tertiary prevention. uo
d. disease treatment. uo
ANS: B u o
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u
as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Prim
o u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
ary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u o
susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u o
attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
management of the disease once it has developed. uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
,4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodiu
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
m intake. This is an example of
u o uo uo uo uo uo
a. primary prevention. uo
b. secondary prevention. uo
c. tertiary prevention. uo
d. disease treatment. uo
ANS: B u o
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease,
uo u o u o u o uo u o u o u o u o u o u o
such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is pre
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
vention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals.
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
o u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
bility and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
uo u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u o u
odisease once it has developed. u o u o uo uo
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
lowering medication. This is an example of
u o uo uo uo uo uo
a. primary prevention. uo
b. secondary prevention. uo
c. tertiary prevention. uo
d. disease treatment. uo
ANS: C u o
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
bility and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease b
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
y altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary preven
uo u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
tion is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment in
uo uo u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
volves management of the disease once it has developed.
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs o
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
f this disease. This stage of illness is called the
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo stage.
uo
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B u o
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the f
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
irst appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called th
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
e incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and sympt
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
oms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malai
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
se, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the st
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
age of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
uo u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
7. A uo disease that is native to a particular region is called
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
, ANS: B u o
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease th
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
at spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u
odistribution pattern. uo
8. In uo general, with aging, organ size and function
uo uo uo uo uo uo
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. uo uo
d. are unknown.
uo
ANS: B u o
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are wel
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
l established, is referred to as
u o uo uo uo uo
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B u o
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an i
u o uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u o
njurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal perio
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo u o
d, or prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
of a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical
uo uo u o u o u o uo uo u o uo uo uo u o u o u o u o
operation.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE u o
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
(Select all that apply.) uo uo uo
a. gender difference. uo
b. situational factors. uo
c. normal variation. uo
d. cultural variation. uo
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E u o uo uo uo
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnorma
uo u o u o uo u o u o u o u o u o u o u o
l).
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo uo
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. uo
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
