Classical Conditioning
Evaluation
Key Terms:
Classical conditioning - learning by
Research Evidence:
association. Neutral stimulus and
Ivan Pavlov - salivation and the dog.
unconditioned stimulus. NS will
John Watson and Rosaline Rayner (1920)
eventually produce the same response as
- fear response can be conditioned in a
the UCS.
human baby.
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): a stimulus
Mirte Brom (2014) - conditioned human
that produces a response without any
sexual responses can be explained by
learning taking place.
classical conditioning.
Unconditoined Response (UCR): an
unlearned response to the UCS.
Neutral Stimulus (NS): a stimulus that Competing Argument:
doesn’t produce a target response, but it Pavlov believed that the essencial factor
becomes conditoned. linking NS to the UCS was contiguity - the
Conditoned Stimulus (CS): a stimulus that 2 stimuli occuring close together in time.
produces a target response after it has Rovert Rescoria (1968) - found evidence
been paired with a UCS. that contiguity in in fact less important
Conditioned Response (CR): the responce than contingency - the extent to which the
is drawn out by the CS - a new NS reliably predicts the UCS.
association has been learned.
Extinction: when the CS and UCS haven’t Incomplete Explaination:
been paired for a while and the CS Only explains a limited range of
ceases to draw out (elict) the CR. behaviour like: salivation, anxiety, and
Spontanious Recovery: an extinct sexual arousal.
response actuates again so the CS ceases It can explain how we come to fear dogs
to elict the CR. but not the maintanance of this fear over
Sitmulus Generalisation: when an time or the behaviour we learn to avoid
individual who has acquired a encountering them.
conditoned response to one stimulus
begins to respond to a smiliar stimulus in
the same way. Application:
Aversion therapy: systematic
desensitisation and flooding which are
therapy techinques.
They can treat pedos, shock them
Contiguity: CS co-occurs with the US: they are
everytime they are sexually aroused by a
close together in space and time.
photo of a child. They will associate the
Contingency: the CS predicts the US: the
shock with the picture and over time will
occurence of the US has a prior occurance of
stop becoming aroused.
the CS.
Evaluation
Key Terms:
Classical conditioning - learning by
Research Evidence:
association. Neutral stimulus and
Ivan Pavlov - salivation and the dog.
unconditioned stimulus. NS will
John Watson and Rosaline Rayner (1920)
eventually produce the same response as
- fear response can be conditioned in a
the UCS.
human baby.
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): a stimulus
Mirte Brom (2014) - conditioned human
that produces a response without any
sexual responses can be explained by
learning taking place.
classical conditioning.
Unconditoined Response (UCR): an
unlearned response to the UCS.
Neutral Stimulus (NS): a stimulus that Competing Argument:
doesn’t produce a target response, but it Pavlov believed that the essencial factor
becomes conditoned. linking NS to the UCS was contiguity - the
Conditoned Stimulus (CS): a stimulus that 2 stimuli occuring close together in time.
produces a target response after it has Rovert Rescoria (1968) - found evidence
been paired with a UCS. that contiguity in in fact less important
Conditioned Response (CR): the responce than contingency - the extent to which the
is drawn out by the CS - a new NS reliably predicts the UCS.
association has been learned.
Extinction: when the CS and UCS haven’t Incomplete Explaination:
been paired for a while and the CS Only explains a limited range of
ceases to draw out (elict) the CR. behaviour like: salivation, anxiety, and
Spontanious Recovery: an extinct sexual arousal.
response actuates again so the CS ceases It can explain how we come to fear dogs
to elict the CR. but not the maintanance of this fear over
Sitmulus Generalisation: when an time or the behaviour we learn to avoid
individual who has acquired a encountering them.
conditoned response to one stimulus
begins to respond to a smiliar stimulus in
the same way. Application:
Aversion therapy: systematic
desensitisation and flooding which are
therapy techinques.
They can treat pedos, shock them
Contiguity: CS co-occurs with the US: they are
everytime they are sexually aroused by a
close together in space and time.
photo of a child. They will associate the
Contingency: the CS predicts the US: the
shock with the picture and over time will
occurence of the US has a prior occurance of
stop becoming aroused.
the CS.
