AH3 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Azoospermia - Answers :Absence of sperm in semen, leading to male infertility.
Orchiectomy - Answers :Surgical removal of one or both testicles.
Erectile Dysfunction - Answers :Inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for
sexual activity.
Gynecomastia - Answers :Enlargement of male breast tissue due to hormonal
imbalance.
Libido - Answers :Sexual desire or drive.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) - Answers :A protein produced by the prostate, used as
a marker for prostate health.
BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) - Answers :Non-cancerous enlargement of the
prostate that can affect urination and sexual function.
Testosterone - Answers :Primary male sex hormone responsible for reproductive and
sexual function.
Penile Implants - Answers :Surgically implanted devices to help men with erectile
dysfunction achieve an erection.
Tumescence - Answers :The process of becoming swollen or engorged, often referring
to penile erection.
Retrograde Ejaculation - Answers :A condition where semen enters the bladder instead
of exiting through the penis.
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) - Answers :Surgical procedure to
remove prostate tissue in cases of BPH.
Priapism - Answers :A prolonged and painful erection unrelated to sexual arousal.
Paraphimosis - Answers :A condition where the foreskin becomes stuck behind the
glans penis and cannot return to its normal position.
Vacuum Erection Device - Answers :A mechanical pump used to help achieve an
erection.
Climacteric - Answers :The phase in a woman's life marking the transition from
reproductive to non-reproductive years.
,Premenopause - Answers :The stage before menopause when menstrual cycles are still
regular but may start to change.
Perimenopause - Answers :The transitional period leading up to menopause,
characterized by hormonal changes and symptoms.
Menopause - Answers :The natural cessation of menstrual cycles for 12 consecutive
months due to declining hormone levels.
Postmenopause - Answers :The phase after menopause when symptoms may persist
but menstrual cycles have permanently stopped.
Hot Flashes - Answers :Sudden feelings of heat, often with sweating and flushing,
common during menopause.
Vaginal Dryness - Answers :A common symptom of menopause due to decreased
estrogen levels.
Vasomotor Symptoms - Answers :Menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night
sweats caused by changes in blood vessel control.
Kegel Exercises - Answers :Pelvic floor exercises that help strengthen muscles involved
in bladder control and sexual function.
Osteoporosis - Answers :A condition characterized by weakened bones, increasing
fracture risk, commonly seen after menopause.
Bioidenticals - Answers :Hormones that are chemically identical to those the body
naturally produces, used in hormone therapy.
Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) - Answers :Non-mainstream medical
practices used alongside or instead of conventional medicine.
Biologically Based Treatments - Answers :Treatments using natural substances,
including herbal medications, for health improvement.
Herbal Medications - Answers :Plant-based treatments used for various health
conditions, including menopause symptoms.
Contraindications for Estrogen Use - Answers :Conditions like history of blood clots,
breast cancer, or liver disease that make estrogen therapy unsafe.
Risks and Side Effects of Estrogen Use - Answers :Potential risks include blood clots,
stroke, and certain cancers.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Answers :Sudden decline in kidney function.
, Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) - Answers :Damage to the kidney tubules.
Dialysis - Answers :Treatment that removes waste products and excess fluids when
kidneys fail.
Hemodialysis - Answers :Blood is pumped through a machine and filtered before being
returned to the body.
Hemolysis - Answers :Breakdown of red blood cells, releasing hemoglobin into the
bloodstream.
Hypovolemia - Answers :Abnormally low volume of fluids and blood.
Azotemia - Answers :Excess nitrogen in the blood.
Nephrotoxins - Answers :Substances that damage the kidneys.
Oliguria - Answers :Low urine output.
Peritoneal Dialysis - Answers :A type of dialysis administered through the abdomen.
Pitting Edema - Answers :Fluid accumulation in tissues causing swelling that leaves
indentations when pressed.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) - Answers :A slow and continuous
dialysis treatment for critically ill patients.
Renal Failure - Answers :Condition where the kidneys cannot remove waste from the
blood.
Renal Insufficiency - Answers :Kidneys are unable to function properly and cannot filter
waste effectively.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - Answers :A long-term condition where the kidneys
gradually lose function.
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) - Answers :Permanent kidney failure requiring
dialysis or transplant.
Nephrectomy - Answers :Surgical removal of a kidney.
Paresthesia - Answers :Skin sensations such as prickling or tingling.
Dehydration - Answers :Body loses more fluids than it takes in, leading to fluid
imbalance.
Azoospermia - Answers :Absence of sperm in semen, leading to male infertility.
Orchiectomy - Answers :Surgical removal of one or both testicles.
Erectile Dysfunction - Answers :Inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for
sexual activity.
Gynecomastia - Answers :Enlargement of male breast tissue due to hormonal
imbalance.
Libido - Answers :Sexual desire or drive.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) - Answers :A protein produced by the prostate, used as
a marker for prostate health.
BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) - Answers :Non-cancerous enlargement of the
prostate that can affect urination and sexual function.
Testosterone - Answers :Primary male sex hormone responsible for reproductive and
sexual function.
Penile Implants - Answers :Surgically implanted devices to help men with erectile
dysfunction achieve an erection.
Tumescence - Answers :The process of becoming swollen or engorged, often referring
to penile erection.
Retrograde Ejaculation - Answers :A condition where semen enters the bladder instead
of exiting through the penis.
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) - Answers :Surgical procedure to
remove prostate tissue in cases of BPH.
Priapism - Answers :A prolonged and painful erection unrelated to sexual arousal.
Paraphimosis - Answers :A condition where the foreskin becomes stuck behind the
glans penis and cannot return to its normal position.
Vacuum Erection Device - Answers :A mechanical pump used to help achieve an
erection.
Climacteric - Answers :The phase in a woman's life marking the transition from
reproductive to non-reproductive years.
,Premenopause - Answers :The stage before menopause when menstrual cycles are still
regular but may start to change.
Perimenopause - Answers :The transitional period leading up to menopause,
characterized by hormonal changes and symptoms.
Menopause - Answers :The natural cessation of menstrual cycles for 12 consecutive
months due to declining hormone levels.
Postmenopause - Answers :The phase after menopause when symptoms may persist
but menstrual cycles have permanently stopped.
Hot Flashes - Answers :Sudden feelings of heat, often with sweating and flushing,
common during menopause.
Vaginal Dryness - Answers :A common symptom of menopause due to decreased
estrogen levels.
Vasomotor Symptoms - Answers :Menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night
sweats caused by changes in blood vessel control.
Kegel Exercises - Answers :Pelvic floor exercises that help strengthen muscles involved
in bladder control and sexual function.
Osteoporosis - Answers :A condition characterized by weakened bones, increasing
fracture risk, commonly seen after menopause.
Bioidenticals - Answers :Hormones that are chemically identical to those the body
naturally produces, used in hormone therapy.
Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) - Answers :Non-mainstream medical
practices used alongside or instead of conventional medicine.
Biologically Based Treatments - Answers :Treatments using natural substances,
including herbal medications, for health improvement.
Herbal Medications - Answers :Plant-based treatments used for various health
conditions, including menopause symptoms.
Contraindications for Estrogen Use - Answers :Conditions like history of blood clots,
breast cancer, or liver disease that make estrogen therapy unsafe.
Risks and Side Effects of Estrogen Use - Answers :Potential risks include blood clots,
stroke, and certain cancers.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Answers :Sudden decline in kidney function.
, Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) - Answers :Damage to the kidney tubules.
Dialysis - Answers :Treatment that removes waste products and excess fluids when
kidneys fail.
Hemodialysis - Answers :Blood is pumped through a machine and filtered before being
returned to the body.
Hemolysis - Answers :Breakdown of red blood cells, releasing hemoglobin into the
bloodstream.
Hypovolemia - Answers :Abnormally low volume of fluids and blood.
Azotemia - Answers :Excess nitrogen in the blood.
Nephrotoxins - Answers :Substances that damage the kidneys.
Oliguria - Answers :Low urine output.
Peritoneal Dialysis - Answers :A type of dialysis administered through the abdomen.
Pitting Edema - Answers :Fluid accumulation in tissues causing swelling that leaves
indentations when pressed.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) - Answers :A slow and continuous
dialysis treatment for critically ill patients.
Renal Failure - Answers :Condition where the kidneys cannot remove waste from the
blood.
Renal Insufficiency - Answers :Kidneys are unable to function properly and cannot filter
waste effectively.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - Answers :A long-term condition where the kidneys
gradually lose function.
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) - Answers :Permanent kidney failure requiring
dialysis or transplant.
Nephrectomy - Answers :Surgical removal of a kidney.
Paresthesia - Answers :Skin sensations such as prickling or tingling.
Dehydration - Answers :Body loses more fluids than it takes in, leading to fluid
imbalance.
