NUR172:
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGYEXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 2025
whole blood composition - ANSWER
blood composition: *plasma* - ANSWER*55% of blood composition is plasma*
~ 91% water
~ 7% protein (albumin/globulin/fibrinogen)
~ 2% other solutes (iron/nutrients/waste product/gases)
blood composition: *formed elements* - ANSWER*45% of blood composition is formed
elements*
~ platelets
~ WBC
~ RBC
what is made in the bone marrow? - ANSWER- RBC
- WBC
- Platelets
RBCs - ANSWERmade in bone marrow
WBCs - ANSWER- made in bone marrow
*- Neutrophils:* first responder & inflammation
*- Monocyte:* phagocytosis
*- Lymphocyte:*
-immune T, B, natural killer
*- Eosinophils:*
-destroy cancer
-inflammation
-allergic response
*- Basophils:*
-contain histamine
-allergic reactions
CBC Left Shift - ANSWER*Describes an increase in WBCs, specifically neutrophil* &
bands/segments (immature neutrophils)
- indicative of an infection
- other WBCs may show decrease
, Structures/functions of Hematologic System - ANSWER- Bone marrow
- Blood
- Iron metabolism
- Clotting mechanism
- Spleen (cleaning/storage)
- Lymph
- Liver
Anemia - ANSWER- A decrease in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.
- too few RBC
process of RBC loss - ANSWER1. RBC blood loss or decreased production = *Hypoxia*
2. Stimulates renal cells to release *Erythropoietin*
3. Erythropoietin circulated to bone marrow =
*increase in production of RBCs*
Anemia Classifications - ANSWER*- decreased RBC production* (lack of iron/b12/folic
acid, decreased erythropoietin)
*- blood loss* (chronic hemorrhage or trauma)
*- increased RBC destruction* (hemolysis = sickle cell/medication/trauma/incompatible
blood)
Iron meds - ANSWER- Iron Chews: don't crush, don't take with
antacids/milk/eggs/chocolate/caffeine, between meals for better absorption, stomach
irritation, PO, turns stools black/dark green, avoid reclining 30 after taking
- Iron Dextran: IM using z-track, IV, watch for toxicity: N/V/D, fever, cyanotic
lips/nailbeds
Anemia: Nursing Assessment (S/S) - ANSWER*General:*
-tired/fatigue
*Integumentary:*
-pallor (pale)
*Respiratory:*
-SOB w/ activity (decrease O2 bc lack of iron to take O2 around)
*Cardiovascular:*
-BP drops
*Gastrointestinal:*
- weight loss
*Neurologic:*
Anemia: Gerontologic Considerations - ANSWER- Common in older adults
- S/S may go unrecognized or mistaken for normal aging process
Anemia: Nursing Diagnosis - ANSWER- Activity Intolerance
- Imbalanced nutrition (iron deficiency)
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGYEXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 2025
whole blood composition - ANSWER
blood composition: *plasma* - ANSWER*55% of blood composition is plasma*
~ 91% water
~ 7% protein (albumin/globulin/fibrinogen)
~ 2% other solutes (iron/nutrients/waste product/gases)
blood composition: *formed elements* - ANSWER*45% of blood composition is formed
elements*
~ platelets
~ WBC
~ RBC
what is made in the bone marrow? - ANSWER- RBC
- WBC
- Platelets
RBCs - ANSWERmade in bone marrow
WBCs - ANSWER- made in bone marrow
*- Neutrophils:* first responder & inflammation
*- Monocyte:* phagocytosis
*- Lymphocyte:*
-immune T, B, natural killer
*- Eosinophils:*
-destroy cancer
-inflammation
-allergic response
*- Basophils:*
-contain histamine
-allergic reactions
CBC Left Shift - ANSWER*Describes an increase in WBCs, specifically neutrophil* &
bands/segments (immature neutrophils)
- indicative of an infection
- other WBCs may show decrease
, Structures/functions of Hematologic System - ANSWER- Bone marrow
- Blood
- Iron metabolism
- Clotting mechanism
- Spleen (cleaning/storage)
- Lymph
- Liver
Anemia - ANSWER- A decrease in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.
- too few RBC
process of RBC loss - ANSWER1. RBC blood loss or decreased production = *Hypoxia*
2. Stimulates renal cells to release *Erythropoietin*
3. Erythropoietin circulated to bone marrow =
*increase in production of RBCs*
Anemia Classifications - ANSWER*- decreased RBC production* (lack of iron/b12/folic
acid, decreased erythropoietin)
*- blood loss* (chronic hemorrhage or trauma)
*- increased RBC destruction* (hemolysis = sickle cell/medication/trauma/incompatible
blood)
Iron meds - ANSWER- Iron Chews: don't crush, don't take with
antacids/milk/eggs/chocolate/caffeine, between meals for better absorption, stomach
irritation, PO, turns stools black/dark green, avoid reclining 30 after taking
- Iron Dextran: IM using z-track, IV, watch for toxicity: N/V/D, fever, cyanotic
lips/nailbeds
Anemia: Nursing Assessment (S/S) - ANSWER*General:*
-tired/fatigue
*Integumentary:*
-pallor (pale)
*Respiratory:*
-SOB w/ activity (decrease O2 bc lack of iron to take O2 around)
*Cardiovascular:*
-BP drops
*Gastrointestinal:*
- weight loss
*Neurologic:*
Anemia: Gerontologic Considerations - ANSWER- Common in older adults
- S/S may go unrecognized or mistaken for normal aging process
Anemia: Nursing Diagnosis - ANSWER- Activity Intolerance
- Imbalanced nutrition (iron deficiency)
