ACBS 445 Exam 1 Questions & Answers

ACBS 445 Exam 1 Questions & Answers

Physiological pH =

Acidosis =

Ankylotic = - ANSWERS7.4

<7.35

-i.e ketone acidosis

>7.45

-i.e hyperventilating



Endocrine Action - ANSWERSthe hormone is distributed in blood and binds to distant target
cells



Paracrine action - ANSWERSthe hormone acts locally by diffusing from its source to target cells
in the neighborhood

Ex: B cells (insulin) stimulate the release of a-cells (glucagon), D-cells (hemostatin) block the
release of both b-cells and a-cells



autocrine action - ANSWERSthe hormone acts on the same cell that produced it

Ex: NE binding to the GPCR on same axon to stop the release



What are the 6 classes of nutrients? - ANSWERScarbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins,
minerals, water



Lipids - ANSWERSinsulators- myelin sheaths

membranes - phospholipids (PO4) w/ phospholipid backbone

, Carbohydrates - ANSWERSAldehydes (COR'R) or Ketones (CHOR)



Monosaccharides - ANSWERSglucose, fructose, galactose

Isomers of one another



Dissacharides - ANSWERSA sugar containing two monosaccharides.

Sucrose = glucose + fructose

Lactose = glucose + galactose

Maltase = glucose + glucose



Polysaccharides - ANSWERSCarbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

Starch = glucose + a1->4 link + a1->6 link (tree shape)

Glycogen = glucose + a1->4 + a1->6 link (bush shape = more glucose mobility)

Cellulose = glucose + b1->4 link



Minerals - ANSWERSA solid inorganic substance (no carbon). most have (+) charge



Vitamins - ANSWERSOrganic elements



Fatty acids to remember - ANSWERS1. Formate

2. Acetate

3. Propionate

4. Butyrate

...

14. Myristate