NR-565 FUNDAMENTALS OF ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
QUESTION: Pyelonephritis Correct Ans- A patient presents to the emergency department with
chills, severe flank pain, dysuria, and urinary frequency. The patient has a temperature of
102.9F, a
pulse of 92 beats/minute, respirations of 24 breaths/minute, and a blood pressure of 119/58
mm Hg.
The provider suspects that the patient is showing signs and symptoms of what pathology?
QUESTION: Prostatitis Correct Ans- An older male patient comes to the clinic with reports of
chills, malaise, myalgia, localized pain, dysuria, nocturia, and urinary retention. The provider will
suspect what cause for the patient's symptomology?
QUESTION: Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection treatable with short-course therapy
Correct Ans- A 20-year-old female patient presents with suprapubic discomfort, pyuria,
dysuria, and bacteriuria greater than 100,000/mL of urine. Which are the most likely diagnosis
and
treatment?
QUESTION: Prescribe antibiotic therapy after urine culture and sensitivity results are available.
Correct Ans- A patient with a history of renal calculi has fever, flank pain, and bacteriuria.
What action will the provider take?
QUESTION: Prescribe a 2-week course of antibiotics. Correct Ans- A patient has a positive
urine culture 1 week after completion of a 3-day course of antibiotics. What action will the
prescriber
take?
QUESTION: Acyclovir Correct Ans- A patient complains of painful urination. A physical
examination reveals vesicles on her labia, vagina, and the foreskin of her clitoris. Which
medication
Page 1 of 77
,will the provider prescribe?
QUESTION: Doxycycline, 100 mg IV twice daily, and cefoxitin, 2 g IV every 6 hours in the hospital
Correct Ans- A patient is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Which treatment
regimen is most appropriate for reducing the risk of sterility in this patient?2 | P a g e
QUESTION: Ceftriaxone, 250 mg IM once, and azithromycin, 1 g PO once Correct Ans- An
adolescent patient with mild cervicitis is diagnosed with gonorrhea. The provider will order
which
treatment regimen?
QUESTION: Azithromycin Correct Ans- During a routine screening, an asymptomatic,
pregnant patient at 37 weeks' gestation learns that she has an infection caused by Chlamydia
trachomatis. The provider will order which drug?
QUESTION: Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and omeprazole Correct Ans- A patient with peptic
ulcer disease is otherwise healthy. The patient does not smoke and states drinking 1 or 2 glasses
of
wine with meals each week. Which drugs will the provider prescribe?
QUESTION: Omeprazole Correct Ans- A patient is diagnosed with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Which medication does the provider recognize as most effective for this patient's condition?
QUESTION: Order diagnostic tests. Correct Ans- A patient with lower abdominal pain and
nausea is admitted to the hospital. The patient's abdomen is distended and firm with
hypoactive
bowel sounds. The patient reports of not having a bowel movement for 3 days. What initial
action
will the provider take?
QUESTION: Polyethylene glycol plus electrolytes (PEG-ELS) Correct Ans- A patient diagnosed
with renal disease is scheduled for a colonoscopy. What drug will the provider prescribe for
administration before the procedure?
QUESTION: Polyethylene glycol Correct Ans- The parent of a child with cerebral palsy reports
Page 2 of 77
,that the child has pebble-like stools most of the time and seems uncomfortable if several days
have
passed between stools. Which medication will the provider recommend to the child's parents?
QUESTION: Palpate the patient's abdomen and auscultate for bowel sounds. Correct Ans- A
patient has been taking psyllium two to three times daily for several days but has not passed a
stool.
What initial action will the prescriber take when the patient reports abdominal pain?
QUESTION: Prescribe polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (PEG-ELS) instead. Correct Ans- A
provider has a routine order for sodium phosphate as a bowel cleanser before a patient's 3 | P a
ge
colonoscopy. The lab report shows that the patient's creatinine clearance and blood urea
nitrogen
are both elevated. What will the provider do in response to these lab results?
QUESTION: Stop taking the laxative immediately and expect no stool for several days. Correct
Ans- A patient reports taking an oral bisacodyl laxative for several years. What instructions will
the
provider give the patient to guide the discontinuation of the laxative?
QUESTION: Lactulose Correct Ans- A patient with a history of chronic alcohol use has been
admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of cirrhosis. Admission laboratory reports show that the
patient's ammonia level is elevated at 218 µg/dL. What medication will the provider prescribe
to
address the lab result?
QUESTION: It is an expected, harmless effect of senna. Correct Ans- A patient who has been
taking senna for several days notes that the urine is yellowish brown. What response will the
prescriber provide when the patient expresses concern about this change?
QUESTION: Chill the medication and mix it with fruit juice. Correct Ans- When ordering castor
oil for a patient, what guidance will the provider share with the nurse?
QUESTION: Prescribe dexamethasone to be given with the ondansetron. Correct Ans- A
Page 3 of 77
, patient is prescribed ondansetron 30 minutes before initiation of chemotherapy. The patient
reports
that the ondansetron did not work as well as it had previously. What action will the prescriber
take?
QUESTION: Suggest adding aprepitant to the medication regimen. Correct Ans- A patient
receives ondansetron and dexamethasone for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
(CINV).
The patient states that the drugs provide relief during and immediately after chemotherapy, but
that
significant nausea and vomiting occur several days after each chemotherapy treatment. What
action
will the prescriber take to address this outcome?
QUESTION: This form has less intense anticholinergic effects than the oral form. Correct Ans
A patient who experiences motion sickness plans to go on a cruise. The prescriber orders
transdermal scopolamine [Transderm Scop]. The patient asks why an oral agent is not ordered.
What
response will the provider give to explain that the benefit of a transdermal preparation?4 | P a g
e
QUESTION: Use the drug if symptoms develop and are severe or do not improve in a few days.
Correct Ans- A patient plans to perform missionary work in a region with poor drinking water.
The provider gives the patient a prescription for ciprofloxacin to take on the trip. What
instructions
will the prescriber discuss with this patient?
QUESTION: Keeping a food, stress, and symptom diary Correct Ans- A patient reports a 6-
month history of daily episodes of recurrent, crampy abdominal pain followed by diarrhea that
usually relieves the pain. The patient undergoes a colonoscopy, for which the findings are
normal.
What will the provider discuss with the patient?
QUESTION: "Cyclosporine can be used to induce remission of IBD." Correct Ans- A provider
Page 4 of 77
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
QUESTION: Pyelonephritis Correct Ans- A patient presents to the emergency department with
chills, severe flank pain, dysuria, and urinary frequency. The patient has a temperature of
102.9F, a
pulse of 92 beats/minute, respirations of 24 breaths/minute, and a blood pressure of 119/58
mm Hg.
The provider suspects that the patient is showing signs and symptoms of what pathology?
QUESTION: Prostatitis Correct Ans- An older male patient comes to the clinic with reports of
chills, malaise, myalgia, localized pain, dysuria, nocturia, and urinary retention. The provider will
suspect what cause for the patient's symptomology?
QUESTION: Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection treatable with short-course therapy
Correct Ans- A 20-year-old female patient presents with suprapubic discomfort, pyuria,
dysuria, and bacteriuria greater than 100,000/mL of urine. Which are the most likely diagnosis
and
treatment?
QUESTION: Prescribe antibiotic therapy after urine culture and sensitivity results are available.
Correct Ans- A patient with a history of renal calculi has fever, flank pain, and bacteriuria.
What action will the provider take?
QUESTION: Prescribe a 2-week course of antibiotics. Correct Ans- A patient has a positive
urine culture 1 week after completion of a 3-day course of antibiotics. What action will the
prescriber
take?
QUESTION: Acyclovir Correct Ans- A patient complains of painful urination. A physical
examination reveals vesicles on her labia, vagina, and the foreskin of her clitoris. Which
medication
Page 1 of 77
,will the provider prescribe?
QUESTION: Doxycycline, 100 mg IV twice daily, and cefoxitin, 2 g IV every 6 hours in the hospital
Correct Ans- A patient is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Which treatment
regimen is most appropriate for reducing the risk of sterility in this patient?2 | P a g e
QUESTION: Ceftriaxone, 250 mg IM once, and azithromycin, 1 g PO once Correct Ans- An
adolescent patient with mild cervicitis is diagnosed with gonorrhea. The provider will order
which
treatment regimen?
QUESTION: Azithromycin Correct Ans- During a routine screening, an asymptomatic,
pregnant patient at 37 weeks' gestation learns that she has an infection caused by Chlamydia
trachomatis. The provider will order which drug?
QUESTION: Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and omeprazole Correct Ans- A patient with peptic
ulcer disease is otherwise healthy. The patient does not smoke and states drinking 1 or 2 glasses
of
wine with meals each week. Which drugs will the provider prescribe?
QUESTION: Omeprazole Correct Ans- A patient is diagnosed with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Which medication does the provider recognize as most effective for this patient's condition?
QUESTION: Order diagnostic tests. Correct Ans- A patient with lower abdominal pain and
nausea is admitted to the hospital. The patient's abdomen is distended and firm with
hypoactive
bowel sounds. The patient reports of not having a bowel movement for 3 days. What initial
action
will the provider take?
QUESTION: Polyethylene glycol plus electrolytes (PEG-ELS) Correct Ans- A patient diagnosed
with renal disease is scheduled for a colonoscopy. What drug will the provider prescribe for
administration before the procedure?
QUESTION: Polyethylene glycol Correct Ans- The parent of a child with cerebral palsy reports
Page 2 of 77
,that the child has pebble-like stools most of the time and seems uncomfortable if several days
have
passed between stools. Which medication will the provider recommend to the child's parents?
QUESTION: Palpate the patient's abdomen and auscultate for bowel sounds. Correct Ans- A
patient has been taking psyllium two to three times daily for several days but has not passed a
stool.
What initial action will the prescriber take when the patient reports abdominal pain?
QUESTION: Prescribe polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (PEG-ELS) instead. Correct Ans- A
provider has a routine order for sodium phosphate as a bowel cleanser before a patient's 3 | P a
ge
colonoscopy. The lab report shows that the patient's creatinine clearance and blood urea
nitrogen
are both elevated. What will the provider do in response to these lab results?
QUESTION: Stop taking the laxative immediately and expect no stool for several days. Correct
Ans- A patient reports taking an oral bisacodyl laxative for several years. What instructions will
the
provider give the patient to guide the discontinuation of the laxative?
QUESTION: Lactulose Correct Ans- A patient with a history of chronic alcohol use has been
admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of cirrhosis. Admission laboratory reports show that the
patient's ammonia level is elevated at 218 µg/dL. What medication will the provider prescribe
to
address the lab result?
QUESTION: It is an expected, harmless effect of senna. Correct Ans- A patient who has been
taking senna for several days notes that the urine is yellowish brown. What response will the
prescriber provide when the patient expresses concern about this change?
QUESTION: Chill the medication and mix it with fruit juice. Correct Ans- When ordering castor
oil for a patient, what guidance will the provider share with the nurse?
QUESTION: Prescribe dexamethasone to be given with the ondansetron. Correct Ans- A
Page 3 of 77
, patient is prescribed ondansetron 30 minutes before initiation of chemotherapy. The patient
reports
that the ondansetron did not work as well as it had previously. What action will the prescriber
take?
QUESTION: Suggest adding aprepitant to the medication regimen. Correct Ans- A patient
receives ondansetron and dexamethasone for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
(CINV).
The patient states that the drugs provide relief during and immediately after chemotherapy, but
that
significant nausea and vomiting occur several days after each chemotherapy treatment. What
action
will the prescriber take to address this outcome?
QUESTION: This form has less intense anticholinergic effects than the oral form. Correct Ans
A patient who experiences motion sickness plans to go on a cruise. The prescriber orders
transdermal scopolamine [Transderm Scop]. The patient asks why an oral agent is not ordered.
What
response will the provider give to explain that the benefit of a transdermal preparation?4 | P a g
e
QUESTION: Use the drug if symptoms develop and are severe or do not improve in a few days.
Correct Ans- A patient plans to perform missionary work in a region with poor drinking water.
The provider gives the patient a prescription for ciprofloxacin to take on the trip. What
instructions
will the prescriber discuss with this patient?
QUESTION: Keeping a food, stress, and symptom diary Correct Ans- A patient reports a 6-
month history of daily episodes of recurrent, crampy abdominal pain followed by diarrhea that
usually relieves the pain. The patient undergoes a colonoscopy, for which the findings are
normal.
What will the provider discuss with the patient?
QUESTION: "Cyclosporine can be used to induce remission of IBD." Correct Ans- A provider
Page 4 of 77
