ACBS 445 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the purpose of the Urea Cycle? - Answer-eliminates toxic ammonia from the
body
Define counter regulatory hormone. Give 2 examples of counter regulatory hormone in
insulin. - Answer-A hormone that opposes the action of another hormone.
Glucagon, Growth Hormone, Adrenaline
What is a response element? - Answer-Sequence of DNA usually in a promoter section
in which a response element binding protein combines to either activate or repress
transcription. An example include estrogen receptor alpha (estrogen binds to DNA)
Describe the Lysine-Arginine Antagonism and Branched chain amino acid antagonism -
Answer-L-A Antagonism: Lysine and arginine are both used by arginine to form
ornithine. Increased dietary lysine can cause a deficiency of arginine. Arginine
deficiency affects transcription rates
BCAA Antagonism: Branched chain amino acid aminotransferase transfers the amino
group from leucine, isoleucine, and valine. A dietary increase of either of the 3 BCAAs
results in increased enzymatic activity. This can cause a deficiency of the other BCAAs
Why can't fatty acids be used to make glucose? (draw the pathways that are absolutely
necessary to answer this question) - Answer-Fatty acids lack the necessary carbon
backbone to be converted into glucose molecules (B-Ox, TCA, gluconeogenesis)
Do a calorie of celery and a calorie of cake have the same energy? - Answer-no
Explain in lay terms how animals are similar to batteries - Answer-They store energy in
their bodies like how batteries store energy. They use the stored energy to power daily
activities and when they eat they are recharging themselves like a battery would.
Provide 1 metabolic reason that fructose consumption is thought to negatively affect the
person consuming it - Answer-Excessive fructose consumption can overwhelm the
liver's capacity to metabolize it, leading to the conversion of fructose into fat. This can
cause fatty liver disease. Also no real regulation for fructose like there is for glucose so
the body can't predict if we get too much
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the purpose of the Urea Cycle? - Answer-eliminates toxic ammonia from the
body
Define counter regulatory hormone. Give 2 examples of counter regulatory hormone in
insulin. - Answer-A hormone that opposes the action of another hormone.
Glucagon, Growth Hormone, Adrenaline
What is a response element? - Answer-Sequence of DNA usually in a promoter section
in which a response element binding protein combines to either activate or repress
transcription. An example include estrogen receptor alpha (estrogen binds to DNA)
Describe the Lysine-Arginine Antagonism and Branched chain amino acid antagonism -
Answer-L-A Antagonism: Lysine and arginine are both used by arginine to form
ornithine. Increased dietary lysine can cause a deficiency of arginine. Arginine
deficiency affects transcription rates
BCAA Antagonism: Branched chain amino acid aminotransferase transfers the amino
group from leucine, isoleucine, and valine. A dietary increase of either of the 3 BCAAs
results in increased enzymatic activity. This can cause a deficiency of the other BCAAs
Why can't fatty acids be used to make glucose? (draw the pathways that are absolutely
necessary to answer this question) - Answer-Fatty acids lack the necessary carbon
backbone to be converted into glucose molecules (B-Ox, TCA, gluconeogenesis)
Do a calorie of celery and a calorie of cake have the same energy? - Answer-no
Explain in lay terms how animals are similar to batteries - Answer-They store energy in
their bodies like how batteries store energy. They use the stored energy to power daily
activities and when they eat they are recharging themselves like a battery would.
Provide 1 metabolic reason that fructose consumption is thought to negatively affect the
person consuming it - Answer-Excessive fructose consumption can overwhelm the
liver's capacity to metabolize it, leading to the conversion of fructose into fat. This can
cause fatty liver disease. Also no real regulation for fructose like there is for glucose so
the body can't predict if we get too much
