Bio 100 Marci Adams BYU Exam 1
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Scientific Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - An explanation of natural phenomena
developed through extensive and reproducible observations; more general and reliable than
hypothesis
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - a proposed explanation for a phenomenon based on
available evidence that leads to a prediction that can be tested
Inductive Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - how scientific theories arise. It's when you
make a broad generalization based on many supporting observations, not based on things that
contradict it.
Deductive Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - General --> Specific. used after a
scientific theory is made. You take a generalization and then generate a hypothesis to say how an
experiment will turn out, based on a previously existing theory.
Deductive reasoning example - CORRECT ANSWER - it's where you conclude specific
observations are true based on supported broad generalization. Like based on cell theory, if you
find a new thing that has characteristics of life, you can conclude it's made of cells.
Inductive Reasoning example - CORRECT ANSWER - Specific --> General
makes broad generalizations from specific observations. "the neighbors dog just barked.
all dogs can bark"
Covalent Bond - CORRECT ANSWER - strongest, most common, electrically neutral,
shares electrons (oxygen to hydrogen in H2O)
,Ionic bond - CORRECT ANSWER - loss or gain of electron from ions to form a stable
compound (NaCl)
Hydrogen Bond - CORRECT ANSWER - weak, slightly polar and therefore attractive to
other slightly polar molecules (H2O molecules sticking to other H2O molecules)
- Happens with compounds with F, O, N
Cohesion - CORRECT ANSWER - water molecules stick together because of the
hydrogen bonds
Adhesion - CORRECT ANSWER - sticky to slightly charged surfaces
Allows plants/trees to deliver water hundreds of feet against gravity
Allows water in plasma to be returned to heart from your big toe
Hydrophobic - CORRECT ANSWER - "water fearing"; parts of membranes
Hydrophilic - CORRECT ANSWER - "water loving"
Molecules that are attracted to water
Many biological compounds
Parts of membranes
Frostbite - CORRECT ANSWER - freezing of water inside cells and the ice crystals
puncture membrane
Cell death
Leads to tissue death
Big Four - CORRECT ANSWER - Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, Nucleic Acids (DNA)
, Dehydration synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Organic molecules joined by removing
water
Hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER - Organic molecules broken by adding water
Monosaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER - (Carb Big four) one sugar molecule
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Ribose
Polysaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER - (Carb big four) many sugar molecules bonded
together
Starch in plants
Glycogen in animals
Cellulose in plant structure; non-digestible in humans (fiber)
Chitin in exoskeleton of arthropods
Phospholipids - CORRECT ANSWER - hydrophobic "tails" and hydrophilic "heads" =
cell membranes
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
hydrophobic; insoluble in water
store energy, waxy coverings, membranes
Fats: more energy storage than sugars, but weigh less
Long chains of carbons!!
Lipid examples - CORRECT ANSWER - saturated, unsaturated, phospholipids,
cholesterol, steroids, hormones
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Scientific Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - An explanation of natural phenomena
developed through extensive and reproducible observations; more general and reliable than
hypothesis
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - a proposed explanation for a phenomenon based on
available evidence that leads to a prediction that can be tested
Inductive Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - how scientific theories arise. It's when you
make a broad generalization based on many supporting observations, not based on things that
contradict it.
Deductive Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - General --> Specific. used after a
scientific theory is made. You take a generalization and then generate a hypothesis to say how an
experiment will turn out, based on a previously existing theory.
Deductive reasoning example - CORRECT ANSWER - it's where you conclude specific
observations are true based on supported broad generalization. Like based on cell theory, if you
find a new thing that has characteristics of life, you can conclude it's made of cells.
Inductive Reasoning example - CORRECT ANSWER - Specific --> General
makes broad generalizations from specific observations. "the neighbors dog just barked.
all dogs can bark"
Covalent Bond - CORRECT ANSWER - strongest, most common, electrically neutral,
shares electrons (oxygen to hydrogen in H2O)
,Ionic bond - CORRECT ANSWER - loss or gain of electron from ions to form a stable
compound (NaCl)
Hydrogen Bond - CORRECT ANSWER - weak, slightly polar and therefore attractive to
other slightly polar molecules (H2O molecules sticking to other H2O molecules)
- Happens with compounds with F, O, N
Cohesion - CORRECT ANSWER - water molecules stick together because of the
hydrogen bonds
Adhesion - CORRECT ANSWER - sticky to slightly charged surfaces
Allows plants/trees to deliver water hundreds of feet against gravity
Allows water in plasma to be returned to heart from your big toe
Hydrophobic - CORRECT ANSWER - "water fearing"; parts of membranes
Hydrophilic - CORRECT ANSWER - "water loving"
Molecules that are attracted to water
Many biological compounds
Parts of membranes
Frostbite - CORRECT ANSWER - freezing of water inside cells and the ice crystals
puncture membrane
Cell death
Leads to tissue death
Big Four - CORRECT ANSWER - Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, Nucleic Acids (DNA)
, Dehydration synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Organic molecules joined by removing
water
Hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER - Organic molecules broken by adding water
Monosaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER - (Carb Big four) one sugar molecule
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Ribose
Polysaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER - (Carb big four) many sugar molecules bonded
together
Starch in plants
Glycogen in animals
Cellulose in plant structure; non-digestible in humans (fiber)
Chitin in exoskeleton of arthropods
Phospholipids - CORRECT ANSWER - hydrophobic "tails" and hydrophilic "heads" =
cell membranes
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
hydrophobic; insoluble in water
store energy, waxy coverings, membranes
Fats: more energy storage than sugars, but weigh less
Long chains of carbons!!
Lipid examples - CORRECT ANSWER - saturated, unsaturated, phospholipids,
cholesterol, steroids, hormones
