Page | 1
NURS 2003 EXAM 2025 BRAND NEW
ACTUAL EXAM WITH ANSWERS.
Complications of cirrhosis - correct answer -Hepatic
encephalopathy:
-metabolized protein = ammonia
-liver cannot convert ammonia to urea
-accumulation of ammonia in vascular system
-can cross blood-brain barrier & cause major neurological
changes
-emotional highs and lows (irritation)
-memory loss, confusion, non-oriented
-yawning, drowsiness, insomnia
-slurred speech
-flapping tremors (asterixis)
-fetor hepaticus
-coma in severe cases
-no protein diet & lactulose to rid ammonia
Portal hypertension:
-scar tissue blocks blood that is being delivered
-increases portal pressure, volume, and lymphatic flow
-backs up into mesenteric veins, rectal veins, splenic veins
, Page | 2
-causes caput medusae, umbelical hernia, and hemorrhoids
-causes splenomegaly
-spleen destroys RBCs (anemia), platelets, WBCs (leukopenia)
-formation of collateral circulation
-esophageal varicies from back up in esophagus
Hyperbilirubinaemia:
-unconjugated bilirubin comes from breakdown of RBCs
-unconjugated bilirubin needs to bind to albumin
-no albumin means no entry into liver
-high levels of unconjugated bilirubin remain in blood
-causes yellow colour
Hyperestrogenemia:
-gynacomastia
-palmar erythema
-spider angioma
-amennorhea
-vaginal bleeding in older women
-impotence
-testicular atrophy
Hepatorenal syndrome:
, Page | 3
-prerenal failure from lack of blood flow and low GFR
Nursing management for varices - correct answer --avoid
bleeding (safety)
-avoid alcohol, aspirin, irritating foods
-beta blockers, vasopressin
-sclerotherapy (induced scarring to reduce bleeding)
-blood transfusions
Nursing management for ascites - correct answer --sodium
restriction
-diuretics
-fluid removal (paracentesis drainage)
Nursing management for cirrhosis without complications - correct
answer --REST for regeneration
-high calorie diet
-high carbs
-low fat
-low sodium
, Page | 4
What are the types of primary (functional) headaches? - correct
answer -Tension:
-bilateral banding, down neck & jaw & shoulders
-exercise does not affect pain
-sensitivity to light and sound
-no prodrome
Migraines:
-chronic is > 15/month, >4hours
-episodic is <15/month
-more common in females
-unilateral throbbing
Cluster:
-unilateral, orbital pain
-15min-3hours
-lid swelling, redness, tearing, pupil constriction
-pallor and facial flushing
-runny nose
-occur in clusters for weeks to months
-starts at night
-affects <1% of people
NURS 2003 EXAM 2025 BRAND NEW
ACTUAL EXAM WITH ANSWERS.
Complications of cirrhosis - correct answer -Hepatic
encephalopathy:
-metabolized protein = ammonia
-liver cannot convert ammonia to urea
-accumulation of ammonia in vascular system
-can cross blood-brain barrier & cause major neurological
changes
-emotional highs and lows (irritation)
-memory loss, confusion, non-oriented
-yawning, drowsiness, insomnia
-slurred speech
-flapping tremors (asterixis)
-fetor hepaticus
-coma in severe cases
-no protein diet & lactulose to rid ammonia
Portal hypertension:
-scar tissue blocks blood that is being delivered
-increases portal pressure, volume, and lymphatic flow
-backs up into mesenteric veins, rectal veins, splenic veins
, Page | 2
-causes caput medusae, umbelical hernia, and hemorrhoids
-causes splenomegaly
-spleen destroys RBCs (anemia), platelets, WBCs (leukopenia)
-formation of collateral circulation
-esophageal varicies from back up in esophagus
Hyperbilirubinaemia:
-unconjugated bilirubin comes from breakdown of RBCs
-unconjugated bilirubin needs to bind to albumin
-no albumin means no entry into liver
-high levels of unconjugated bilirubin remain in blood
-causes yellow colour
Hyperestrogenemia:
-gynacomastia
-palmar erythema
-spider angioma
-amennorhea
-vaginal bleeding in older women
-impotence
-testicular atrophy
Hepatorenal syndrome:
, Page | 3
-prerenal failure from lack of blood flow and low GFR
Nursing management for varices - correct answer --avoid
bleeding (safety)
-avoid alcohol, aspirin, irritating foods
-beta blockers, vasopressin
-sclerotherapy (induced scarring to reduce bleeding)
-blood transfusions
Nursing management for ascites - correct answer --sodium
restriction
-diuretics
-fluid removal (paracentesis drainage)
Nursing management for cirrhosis without complications - correct
answer --REST for regeneration
-high calorie diet
-high carbs
-low fat
-low sodium
, Page | 4
What are the types of primary (functional) headaches? - correct
answer -Tension:
-bilateral banding, down neck & jaw & shoulders
-exercise does not affect pain
-sensitivity to light and sound
-no prodrome
Migraines:
-chronic is > 15/month, >4hours
-episodic is <15/month
-more common in females
-unilateral throbbing
Cluster:
-unilateral, orbital pain
-15min-3hours
-lid swelling, redness, tearing, pupil constriction
-pallor and facial flushing
-runny nose
-occur in clusters for weeks to months
-starts at night
-affects <1% of people
