RESEARCH METHODS & STATISTICS EXAM
Actual Questions and Answers
Expert-Verified Explanation
This Exam contains:
✪ Multiple-choice and True/False Format
✪ Expert-Verified Explanations
✪ Verified with Trusted Textbooks
Question 1:
What is the population in the Pew Research Poll?
A. All registered voters
B. All teenagers
C. All U.S. adults
D. All households
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: In the Pew Research Poll, the population refers to the group that the study intends to
make inferences about, which is all U.S. adults.
Question 2:
What is an advantage of using convenience samples?
A. They ensure randomness
B. They are more generalizable
C. Convenience sampling is easier
D. They reduce bias
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Convenience sampling is easier and quicker to implement since participants are readily
available, although it may not be representative.
Question 3:
What are characteristics of a good sample?
A. High bias and low variability
B. Randomness and large size
C. A good sample is one in which bias is small and sampling variability is small
D. Stratification and randomness
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: A good sample minimizes both bias (systematic error) and sampling variability (chance
error).
, Question 4:
How is a stratified random sample created?
A. Selecting one large group at random
B. By alphabetical order
C. The researcher creates a stratified random sample by randomly selecting individuals from groups of
similar individuals
D. Choosing volunteers from each group
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Stratified sampling ensures representation from all subgroups by dividing the population
into similar groups and sampling within each.
Question 5:
What type of study is used in mindfulness research when participants are not randomly assigned?
A. Observational
B. True experiment
C. Quasi-experiment
D. Longitudinal
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: A quasi-experiment lacks random assignment, which is common in mindfulness
research.
Question 6:
What refers to the consistency of measurements over time?
A. Internal validity
B. Inter-rater reliability
C. Test-retest reliability
D. Construct validity
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Test-retest reliability assesses whether the same results are obtained with repeated
measurements.
Question 7:
Which type of graph is suitable for showing trends in current smokers over years?
A. Pie chart
B. Bar chart
C. Histogram
D. Line graph
Answer: D
EXPLANATION: Line graphs are used to display data points over time, making them ideal for trends.
Actual Questions and Answers
Expert-Verified Explanation
This Exam contains:
✪ Multiple-choice and True/False Format
✪ Expert-Verified Explanations
✪ Verified with Trusted Textbooks
Question 1:
What is the population in the Pew Research Poll?
A. All registered voters
B. All teenagers
C. All U.S. adults
D. All households
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: In the Pew Research Poll, the population refers to the group that the study intends to
make inferences about, which is all U.S. adults.
Question 2:
What is an advantage of using convenience samples?
A. They ensure randomness
B. They are more generalizable
C. Convenience sampling is easier
D. They reduce bias
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Convenience sampling is easier and quicker to implement since participants are readily
available, although it may not be representative.
Question 3:
What are characteristics of a good sample?
A. High bias and low variability
B. Randomness and large size
C. A good sample is one in which bias is small and sampling variability is small
D. Stratification and randomness
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: A good sample minimizes both bias (systematic error) and sampling variability (chance
error).
, Question 4:
How is a stratified random sample created?
A. Selecting one large group at random
B. By alphabetical order
C. The researcher creates a stratified random sample by randomly selecting individuals from groups of
similar individuals
D. Choosing volunteers from each group
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Stratified sampling ensures representation from all subgroups by dividing the population
into similar groups and sampling within each.
Question 5:
What type of study is used in mindfulness research when participants are not randomly assigned?
A. Observational
B. True experiment
C. Quasi-experiment
D. Longitudinal
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: A quasi-experiment lacks random assignment, which is common in mindfulness
research.
Question 6:
What refers to the consistency of measurements over time?
A. Internal validity
B. Inter-rater reliability
C. Test-retest reliability
D. Construct validity
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Test-retest reliability assesses whether the same results are obtained with repeated
measurements.
Question 7:
Which type of graph is suitable for showing trends in current smokers over years?
A. Pie chart
B. Bar chart
C. Histogram
D. Line graph
Answer: D
EXPLANATION: Line graphs are used to display data points over time, making them ideal for trends.
