RAD 112 FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
The bony projection on the upper, medial aspect of the calcaneus that creates a "shelf"
to hold the head of the talus is the - Answers :sustentaculum tali
Where does the central ray enter on the axial projection of the calcaneus? - Answers
:Base of the third metatarsal
What is the new age for pediatric radiographic exams? - Answers :6 and youger
Which of the following evaluation criteria are demonstrated on the axial heel projection?
Choose four that apply
1. No rotation of heel
2. Portion of the sustentaculum tali in profile medially
3. First or fifth metatarsals not projected to sides of foot
4. Open talocalcaneal joint space
5. Calcaneal tuberosity in profile
6. Calcaneus should be foreshortened - Answers :1, 2, 4 and 5
Which structure or bone contains the sustentaculum tali? - Answers :c. Calcaneus
Which of the following objects should be available in the radiography room for
performing radiographs of the lower limb?
1.) angle sponges
2.) sandbags
3.) pull straps - Answers :c. 1, 2, and 3
Which of the following evaluation criteria demonstrate no rotation of lateral heel?
Choose four that apply,
1. No rotation of heel
2. Open talocalcaneal joint
3. Lateral malleolus superimposed over mid tibia and talus
4. Calcaneus and subtalar joint
5. Sinus tarsi open
6, Calcaneocuboid joint space open - Answers :1, 2, 5, and 6
Which of the following is the essential lateral projection of the calcaneus? - Answers
:lateral (mediolateral)
For the axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar
surface of the foot is: - Answers :90 degrees from the plane of the IR
For an axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar
surface of the foot is: - Answers :perpendicular to the IR
,A radiograph of a mortise view of the ankle reveals that the lateral malleolus is slightly
superimposed over the talus and the lateral joint space is not open. What is most likely
the cause for this radiographic outcome? - Answers :c. Insufficient medial rotation of the
foot and ankle
Which of the following forms the ankle "mortise"?
1.) lateral malleolus of the fibula
2.) medial malleolus of the tibia
3.) inferior surface of the tibia - Answers :c. 1, 2, and 3
Evaluation Criteria: Medial oblique ankle
1. Distal tibia, fibula, and talus
2. Distal 1/3rd of lower leg
3. Proximal half of metatarsals
4. Distal tibiofibular joint
5. Lateral malleolus & talus superimposition
6.Medial malleolus talus partially superimposed - Answers :1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Which projection will clearly demonstrate the joint spaces between the talus and both
malleoli? - Answers :d. AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree internal rotation
Evaluation Criteria: Lateral Heel
1. No rotation of heel
2. Tuberosity in profile
3. First or fifth metatarsals not projected to sides of foot
4. Calcaneus and subtalar joint
5. Sinus tarsi open - Answers :1, 2 and 5
Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the
lower leg?
1.) knee joint
2.) ankle joint
3.) entire femoral condyles - Answers :1 and 2
Which of these labeled structures or bones identifies the lateral cuneiform? - Answers :c
The medial and lateral oblique projections of the ankle require the leg and foot to be
rotated how many degrees? - Answers :45 degrees
What is the purpose for the AP stress views of the ankle? - Answers :d. To demonstrate
possible joint separations or ligament tear
Clubfoot is also called - Answers :b. talipes equinovarus
Evaluation Criteria: AP Lower Leg Choose all that apply
,1. Proximal and distal articulations of tibia and fibula moderately overlapped
2. Distal fibula lying over posterior half of tibia
3. Slight overlap of tibia on proximal fibular head
4. Fibular midshaft free of tibial superimposition
5. Moderate seperation of tibial and fibular bodies or shafts - Answers :1 and 4
The lateral ankle projection should be taken ____ degrees from the AP projection. -
Answers :90
Evaluation Criteria: Lateral Lower Leg Choose all that apply
1. Proximal and distal articulations of tibia and fibula moderately overlapped
2. Distal fibula lying over posterior half of tibia
3. Slight overlap of tibia on proximal fibular head
4. Fibular mid-shaft free of tibial superimposition
5.Separation of tibial and fibular bodies or shafts - Answers :2, 3 and 5
What is the purpose for dorsiflexion on the lateral ankle view? Choose all that apply.
1. Prevents medial rotation
2. Prevents lateral rotation
3. Lower leg and ankle should form 90 degree angle - Answers :2 and 3
Which projection of the ankle best demonstrates the distal tibiofibular joint? - Answers
:d. AP oblique with 45-degree rotation
What is the purpose for weight-bearing ankle view? - Answers :Narrowing of ankle joint
space
The medial malleolus is part of the: - Answers :tibia
Evaluation Criteria: Choose all that apply
Lateral Ankle
1. Distal tibia and fibula, talus, calcaneus and adjacent tarsals
2. Tibiotalar joint well visualized
3. Fibula over posterior half of tibia
4. Navicular and cuboid should not be visualized - Answers :1, 2, and 3
The proximal end of the tibia presents two prominent processes called the: - Answers
:condyles
How much CR angulation to the long axis of the foot is required for the plantodorsal
(axial) projection of the calcaneus? - Answers :40 degrees
What are the two main structures shown on the ankle mortise view? - Answers :All three
sides of mortise joint should be visulaized
, A correctly positioned lateral ankle will demonstrate the lateral malleolus superimposed
over the posterior half of the tibia. - Answers :true
Which specific projections of the ankle are performed to diagnose a tear of the medial or
lateral ligament?
1.) AP, eversion stress
2.) AP, inversion stress
3.) AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree medial rotation - Answers :a. 1 and 2
Which projection best demonstrates the proximal tibiofibular joint space free of
superimposition? - Answers :Medial oblique
When the ASIS to tabletop measurement is >24 cm, the central ray angulation for an AP
knee is? - Answers :3 to 5 degrees cephalad
In the true lateral position of the knee without any rotation the ______________ should
be directly superimposed. - Answers :Posterior Borders of Femoral Condyles
Which projection of the knee will best demonstrate the medial half of the fibular head
superimposed by the tibia according to evaluation criteria? - Answers :AP
Where is the central ray directed on the lateral projection of the knee? - Answers :1"
distal to medial epicondyle
What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for an
AP projection? - Answers :a. parallel to the IR
Evaluation Criteria: AP Ankle:
1. Medial & lateral malleoli
2. Distal 1/3rd of tibia-fibula
3. Talus
4. Proximal half of metatarsals
5. Medial mortise is open
6.Lateral mortise closed
7. Talus with proper brightness
8. Tibiotalar joint space
9. Slight superimposition of distal fibula by distal tibia and talus - Answers
:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, & 9
To ensure that both joints are included on an AP projection of the tibia and fibula on an
adult, the technologist should: - Answers :use two seperate films
Which projections of the ankle are performed on a patient following an inversion or
eversion injury? - Answers :AP stress studies
How many bones make up the lower leg? - Answers :2
The bony projection on the upper, medial aspect of the calcaneus that creates a "shelf"
to hold the head of the talus is the - Answers :sustentaculum tali
Where does the central ray enter on the axial projection of the calcaneus? - Answers
:Base of the third metatarsal
What is the new age for pediatric radiographic exams? - Answers :6 and youger
Which of the following evaluation criteria are demonstrated on the axial heel projection?
Choose four that apply
1. No rotation of heel
2. Portion of the sustentaculum tali in profile medially
3. First or fifth metatarsals not projected to sides of foot
4. Open talocalcaneal joint space
5. Calcaneal tuberosity in profile
6. Calcaneus should be foreshortened - Answers :1, 2, 4 and 5
Which structure or bone contains the sustentaculum tali? - Answers :c. Calcaneus
Which of the following objects should be available in the radiography room for
performing radiographs of the lower limb?
1.) angle sponges
2.) sandbags
3.) pull straps - Answers :c. 1, 2, and 3
Which of the following evaluation criteria demonstrate no rotation of lateral heel?
Choose four that apply,
1. No rotation of heel
2. Open talocalcaneal joint
3. Lateral malleolus superimposed over mid tibia and talus
4. Calcaneus and subtalar joint
5. Sinus tarsi open
6, Calcaneocuboid joint space open - Answers :1, 2, 5, and 6
Which of the following is the essential lateral projection of the calcaneus? - Answers
:lateral (mediolateral)
For the axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar
surface of the foot is: - Answers :90 degrees from the plane of the IR
For an axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar
surface of the foot is: - Answers :perpendicular to the IR
,A radiograph of a mortise view of the ankle reveals that the lateral malleolus is slightly
superimposed over the talus and the lateral joint space is not open. What is most likely
the cause for this radiographic outcome? - Answers :c. Insufficient medial rotation of the
foot and ankle
Which of the following forms the ankle "mortise"?
1.) lateral malleolus of the fibula
2.) medial malleolus of the tibia
3.) inferior surface of the tibia - Answers :c. 1, 2, and 3
Evaluation Criteria: Medial oblique ankle
1. Distal tibia, fibula, and talus
2. Distal 1/3rd of lower leg
3. Proximal half of metatarsals
4. Distal tibiofibular joint
5. Lateral malleolus & talus superimposition
6.Medial malleolus talus partially superimposed - Answers :1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Which projection will clearly demonstrate the joint spaces between the talus and both
malleoli? - Answers :d. AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree internal rotation
Evaluation Criteria: Lateral Heel
1. No rotation of heel
2. Tuberosity in profile
3. First or fifth metatarsals not projected to sides of foot
4. Calcaneus and subtalar joint
5. Sinus tarsi open - Answers :1, 2 and 5
Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the
lower leg?
1.) knee joint
2.) ankle joint
3.) entire femoral condyles - Answers :1 and 2
Which of these labeled structures or bones identifies the lateral cuneiform? - Answers :c
The medial and lateral oblique projections of the ankle require the leg and foot to be
rotated how many degrees? - Answers :45 degrees
What is the purpose for the AP stress views of the ankle? - Answers :d. To demonstrate
possible joint separations or ligament tear
Clubfoot is also called - Answers :b. talipes equinovarus
Evaluation Criteria: AP Lower Leg Choose all that apply
,1. Proximal and distal articulations of tibia and fibula moderately overlapped
2. Distal fibula lying over posterior half of tibia
3. Slight overlap of tibia on proximal fibular head
4. Fibular midshaft free of tibial superimposition
5. Moderate seperation of tibial and fibular bodies or shafts - Answers :1 and 4
The lateral ankle projection should be taken ____ degrees from the AP projection. -
Answers :90
Evaluation Criteria: Lateral Lower Leg Choose all that apply
1. Proximal and distal articulations of tibia and fibula moderately overlapped
2. Distal fibula lying over posterior half of tibia
3. Slight overlap of tibia on proximal fibular head
4. Fibular mid-shaft free of tibial superimposition
5.Separation of tibial and fibular bodies or shafts - Answers :2, 3 and 5
What is the purpose for dorsiflexion on the lateral ankle view? Choose all that apply.
1. Prevents medial rotation
2. Prevents lateral rotation
3. Lower leg and ankle should form 90 degree angle - Answers :2 and 3
Which projection of the ankle best demonstrates the distal tibiofibular joint? - Answers
:d. AP oblique with 45-degree rotation
What is the purpose for weight-bearing ankle view? - Answers :Narrowing of ankle joint
space
The medial malleolus is part of the: - Answers :tibia
Evaluation Criteria: Choose all that apply
Lateral Ankle
1. Distal tibia and fibula, talus, calcaneus and adjacent tarsals
2. Tibiotalar joint well visualized
3. Fibula over posterior half of tibia
4. Navicular and cuboid should not be visualized - Answers :1, 2, and 3
The proximal end of the tibia presents two prominent processes called the: - Answers
:condyles
How much CR angulation to the long axis of the foot is required for the plantodorsal
(axial) projection of the calcaneus? - Answers :40 degrees
What are the two main structures shown on the ankle mortise view? - Answers :All three
sides of mortise joint should be visulaized
, A correctly positioned lateral ankle will demonstrate the lateral malleolus superimposed
over the posterior half of the tibia. - Answers :true
Which specific projections of the ankle are performed to diagnose a tear of the medial or
lateral ligament?
1.) AP, eversion stress
2.) AP, inversion stress
3.) AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree medial rotation - Answers :a. 1 and 2
Which projection best demonstrates the proximal tibiofibular joint space free of
superimposition? - Answers :Medial oblique
When the ASIS to tabletop measurement is >24 cm, the central ray angulation for an AP
knee is? - Answers :3 to 5 degrees cephalad
In the true lateral position of the knee without any rotation the ______________ should
be directly superimposed. - Answers :Posterior Borders of Femoral Condyles
Which projection of the knee will best demonstrate the medial half of the fibular head
superimposed by the tibia according to evaluation criteria? - Answers :AP
Where is the central ray directed on the lateral projection of the knee? - Answers :1"
distal to medial epicondyle
What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for an
AP projection? - Answers :a. parallel to the IR
Evaluation Criteria: AP Ankle:
1. Medial & lateral malleoli
2. Distal 1/3rd of tibia-fibula
3. Talus
4. Proximal half of metatarsals
5. Medial mortise is open
6.Lateral mortise closed
7. Talus with proper brightness
8. Tibiotalar joint space
9. Slight superimposition of distal fibula by distal tibia and talus - Answers
:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, & 9
To ensure that both joints are included on an AP projection of the tibia and fibula on an
adult, the technologist should: - Answers :use two seperate films
Which projections of the ankle are performed on a patient following an inversion or
eversion injury? - Answers :AP stress studies
How many bones make up the lower leg? - Answers :2
