UWEC NRSG 245 Pharmacology | Exam 2 (Ch. 84 and 85) Final Exam And Correct Answers.

_______________ weaken the bacterial cell wall, causing lysis and death - Answer Penicillins Some bacteria resist penicillins by producing _________________ (beta-lactamases), enzymes that inactivate penicillins - Answer penicillinases Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to ______________, that cannot penetrate the gram-negative cell envelope - Answer penicillins *True or False:* Penicillins are the safest antibiotics available - Answer True The principle adverse effects of penicillins are ____________ ____________ - Answer allergic reactions (which can range from rash, to life threatening to anaphylaxis) *True or False:* Patients allergic to one type of penicillin should be considered cross-allergic to all other penicillins - Answer True (additionally, 1% chance of cross allergy to cephalosporins) For patients with a penicillin allergy, ________________, ________________, and ________________ are safe and effective alternatives - Answer vancomycin, erythromycin and clindamycin *True or False:* Penicillins are normally eliminated rapidly through the kidneys - Answer True (but they can accumulate to harmful levels if renal function is impaired) Penicillin _____ has a narrow antibacterial spectrum and is unstable in stomach acid - Answer G ________________ penicillin G is released very slowly following IM injection, and thereby produces prolonged antibacterial effects - Answer Benzathine In contrast to penicillin G, broad-spectrum penicillins such as _______________ and ________________ have useful activity against gram-negative bacilli - Answer ampicillin, amoxicillin