NRSG 245: Pharmacology Final Exam 3
Questions And All Correct Answers.
what is neuropharmacology? - Answer the study of drugs that alter processes controlled by
the nervous system
neuropharmacology is divided into 2 broad categories: - Answer -peripheral nervous system
drugs
-central nervous system drugs
neuropharmacologic drugs can modify: - Answer -skeletal muscle contraction
-cardiac output
-vascular tone
-respiration
-GI function
-uterine motility
-glandular secretion
-ideation, mood, and perception of pain
what is axonal conduction? - Answer action potential down the axon (local anesthetics)
what is synaptic transmission? - Answer information carried across the neuron gap and the
postsynaptic cell
give an example of a postsynaptic cell - Answer another neuron, muscle cell, or cell within a
secretory gland
receptors are specific for certain - Answer transmitters
receptor activity is affected by - Answer transmitter molecules
if there is no receptor for a given transmitter, what kind of effect will that transmitter produce? -
,name the steps in synaptic transmission - Answer 1. transmitter synthesis
2. transmitter storage
3. transmitter release
4. receptor binding
5. termination of transmission
describe the effects of drugs on transmitter synthesis - Answer -increase transmitter synthesis
-decrease transmitter synthesis
-cause the synthesis of transmitter molecules
describe the effects of drugs on transmitter storage - Answer -cause receptor activation to
decrease
describe the effects of drugs on transmitter release - Answer -promote or inhibit release
describe the effects of drugs on receptor binding - Answer -cause activation
-block activation
-enhance activation
describe the effects of drugs on termination of transmission - Answer -block transmitter
reuptake
-inhibit transmitter degradation
what is the most desirable quality a drug can have? - Answer selectivity (after effectiveness)
why is selectivity a desirable quality of drugs? - Answer able to alter a disease process while
leaving other physiologic processes largely unaffected
name and describe the divisions of the nervous system - Answer -central nervous system:
brain and spinal cord
-peripheral nervous system: somatic motor and autonomic (parasympathetic/sympathetic)
,name the regulatory functions of the parasympathetic nervous system - Answer -slowing the
heart rate
-increased gastric secretion
-emptying the bladder
-emptying the bowel
-focusing the eye for near vision
-constricting the pupil
-contracting bronchial smooth muscle
name the general therapeutic functions of drugs affecting the parasympathetic nervous system -
Answer -digestion of food
-excretion of waste
-control of vision
-conservation of energy
name the main functions of the sympathetic nervous system - Answer -regulation of the CV
system
-regulation of body temp
implementation of "fight-or-flight" reaction
name the homeostatic objectives of the SNS - Answer -maintain blood flow to the brain
-redistribute blood flow during exercise
-compensate for loss of blood, primarily by causing vasoconstriction
what are sympathomimetic/lytic drugs primarily used for? - Answer primarily used for effects
on the heart and blood vessels and lungs
what are sympatholytic antagonists used for in the heart? - Answer hypertension, angina
pectoris, heart failure
what are sympathomimetic agonists used for in the heart? - Answer heart failure
, -norepinephrine: released by most postganglionic neurons
-epinephrine: released by the adrenal medulla
name and describe the 2 basic categories of receptors in the peripheral nervous system -
Answer -cholinergic receptors: mediated by acetylcholine
-adrenergic receptors: mediated by epinephrine and norepinephrine
name the cholinergic receptor subtypes and their functions - Answer -nicotinic n (neuronal):
promotes ganglia transmission and promotes release of epinephrine
-nicotinic m (muscle): contraction of skeletal muscles
-muscarinic: activates target organs of the parasympathetic nervous system
name the adrenergic receptor subtypes and their functions - Answer -alpha 1:
vasoconstriction, ejaculation, contraction of bladder neck and prostate
-alpha 2: located in presynaptic junction, little clinical significance
-beta 1: heart - increases heart rate, force of contraction, and velocity of conduction in AV node;
kidney - renin release
beta 2: bronchial dilation, relaxation of uterine muscle, vasodilation, and glycogenolysis
-dopamine: dilates renal blood vessels
epinephrine can activate all alpha and beta receptors, but not: - Answer dopamine receptors
norepinephrine can activate alpha1, alpha2, and beta1 receptors but not: - Answer beta2 or
dopamine receptors
dopamine can activate - Answer alpha1, beta1, and dopamine receptors
which neurotransmitter is the only one capable of activating dopamine receptors? - Answer
dopamine
what is the main difference between adrenergic agonists and antagonists? - Answer -agonists:
sympathomimetic
-antagonists: sympatholytic
Questions And All Correct Answers.
what is neuropharmacology? - Answer the study of drugs that alter processes controlled by
the nervous system
neuropharmacology is divided into 2 broad categories: - Answer -peripheral nervous system
drugs
-central nervous system drugs
neuropharmacologic drugs can modify: - Answer -skeletal muscle contraction
-cardiac output
-vascular tone
-respiration
-GI function
-uterine motility
-glandular secretion
-ideation, mood, and perception of pain
what is axonal conduction? - Answer action potential down the axon (local anesthetics)
what is synaptic transmission? - Answer information carried across the neuron gap and the
postsynaptic cell
give an example of a postsynaptic cell - Answer another neuron, muscle cell, or cell within a
secretory gland
receptors are specific for certain - Answer transmitters
receptor activity is affected by - Answer transmitter molecules
if there is no receptor for a given transmitter, what kind of effect will that transmitter produce? -
,name the steps in synaptic transmission - Answer 1. transmitter synthesis
2. transmitter storage
3. transmitter release
4. receptor binding
5. termination of transmission
describe the effects of drugs on transmitter synthesis - Answer -increase transmitter synthesis
-decrease transmitter synthesis
-cause the synthesis of transmitter molecules
describe the effects of drugs on transmitter storage - Answer -cause receptor activation to
decrease
describe the effects of drugs on transmitter release - Answer -promote or inhibit release
describe the effects of drugs on receptor binding - Answer -cause activation
-block activation
-enhance activation
describe the effects of drugs on termination of transmission - Answer -block transmitter
reuptake
-inhibit transmitter degradation
what is the most desirable quality a drug can have? - Answer selectivity (after effectiveness)
why is selectivity a desirable quality of drugs? - Answer able to alter a disease process while
leaving other physiologic processes largely unaffected
name and describe the divisions of the nervous system - Answer -central nervous system:
brain and spinal cord
-peripheral nervous system: somatic motor and autonomic (parasympathetic/sympathetic)
,name the regulatory functions of the parasympathetic nervous system - Answer -slowing the
heart rate
-increased gastric secretion
-emptying the bladder
-emptying the bowel
-focusing the eye for near vision
-constricting the pupil
-contracting bronchial smooth muscle
name the general therapeutic functions of drugs affecting the parasympathetic nervous system -
Answer -digestion of food
-excretion of waste
-control of vision
-conservation of energy
name the main functions of the sympathetic nervous system - Answer -regulation of the CV
system
-regulation of body temp
implementation of "fight-or-flight" reaction
name the homeostatic objectives of the SNS - Answer -maintain blood flow to the brain
-redistribute blood flow during exercise
-compensate for loss of blood, primarily by causing vasoconstriction
what are sympathomimetic/lytic drugs primarily used for? - Answer primarily used for effects
on the heart and blood vessels and lungs
what are sympatholytic antagonists used for in the heart? - Answer hypertension, angina
pectoris, heart failure
what are sympathomimetic agonists used for in the heart? - Answer heart failure
, -norepinephrine: released by most postganglionic neurons
-epinephrine: released by the adrenal medulla
name and describe the 2 basic categories of receptors in the peripheral nervous system -
Answer -cholinergic receptors: mediated by acetylcholine
-adrenergic receptors: mediated by epinephrine and norepinephrine
name the cholinergic receptor subtypes and their functions - Answer -nicotinic n (neuronal):
promotes ganglia transmission and promotes release of epinephrine
-nicotinic m (muscle): contraction of skeletal muscles
-muscarinic: activates target organs of the parasympathetic nervous system
name the adrenergic receptor subtypes and their functions - Answer -alpha 1:
vasoconstriction, ejaculation, contraction of bladder neck and prostate
-alpha 2: located in presynaptic junction, little clinical significance
-beta 1: heart - increases heart rate, force of contraction, and velocity of conduction in AV node;
kidney - renin release
beta 2: bronchial dilation, relaxation of uterine muscle, vasodilation, and glycogenolysis
-dopamine: dilates renal blood vessels
epinephrine can activate all alpha and beta receptors, but not: - Answer dopamine receptors
norepinephrine can activate alpha1, alpha2, and beta1 receptors but not: - Answer beta2 or
dopamine receptors
dopamine can activate - Answer alpha1, beta1, and dopamine receptors
which neurotransmitter is the only one capable of activating dopamine receptors? - Answer
dopamine
what is the main difference between adrenergic agonists and antagonists? - Answer -agonists:
sympathomimetic
-antagonists: sympatholytic
