, Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal–Child
Health Care
Environment Hatfield: Introductory Maternity and Pediatric
Nursing, 5th Edition
1. The opening up of hospital visiting policies for children and
families likely resultedfrom the work of which individual?
A. Joseph Brennaman
B. John Bowlby
C. Marshal Klaus
D. John
Kennell
Answer: B
Rationale: In 1951, John Bowlby received worldwide attention with his
study that revealed the negative results of the separation of child and mother because of
hospitalization. His work led toa re-evaluation and liberalization of hospital visiting policies
for children. Joseph Brennaman suggested that a lack of stimulation for infants contributed
to high infant mortality rates at the time. In the 1970s and 1980s, physicians Marshall
Klaus and John Kennell carried out importantstudies on the effect of the separation of
newborns and parents. They established that early separation may have long-term effects
on family relationships and that offering the new family an opportunity to be together at
birth and for a significant period after birth may provide benefitsthat last well into early
childhood.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 4
2. An expectant mother states that she read that more black mothers die in childbirth than
do white mothers. When responding to her questions about the reasons for this, the
nurse accurately states that which is the major reason for the high maternal mortality
rate?
A. Having formal education.
B. Being unmarried.
C. Income.
D. Lack of prenatal care.
Answer: D
Rationale: Research shows that maternal mortality rate is directly related to lack of prenatal
care secondary to lack of access to services or insurance. Income as well as educational
level may play a role in the availability of health care, but they are not directly
responsible. Being unmarried has no bearing on infant mortality.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Understand
,Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 9
3. Which statement correctly defines the term "infant death rate"?
A. number of deaths in utero of fetuses 500 g or more per 1,000 live births
B. number of deaths occurring in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births
C. number of deaths occurring at birth or in the first 12 months of life per 1,000 live births
D. death of a live-born child before his or her first birthday.
Answer: D
Rationale: The term infant death refers to the death of a live-born child before he or she
reaches age 1 year. It also includes neonatal mortality rate. Neonatal mortality rate is the
number of infant deaths during the first 28 days of life for every 1,000 live births. Infant
mortality rate is the number of deaths during the first 12 months of life per 1,000 live births.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 9
4. The nursing instructor is preparing to teach a group of students about the history of maternity
care. What major development will the instructor emphasize as greatly influencing the
practice of maternity care in the United States over the past century?
A. technologic advances and the use of forceps by primary care providers
B. development of anesthesia and acceptance of the germ theory
C. advent of birthing centers and the development of family-centered care
D. development of pediatric specialty and replacement of midwives as primary birth
attendants Answer: B
Rationale: The emphasis should be placed on anesthesia and the germ theory. The
development of anesthesia allowed women a choice for pain management in birth; the germ
theory advanced the progress of general health care and decreased infections in laboring
women. Pediatrics as a specialty is an important step forward but is not the greatest
development, and midwives are still in practice. Maternity care continues to evolve, and
birthing centers are still under development. Forceps are not considered an advance in
maternity care.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Analyze
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
, Integrated Process:
Teaching/Learning Reference: p. 3
5. When preparing a client for surgery, the nurse explains that the use of an antiseptic
during the surgery has greatly improved client survival rates and was started by which
physician?
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Ignaz Philip Semmelweis
C. Joseph Lister
D. Alexander
Gordon Answer: C
Rationale: Joseph Lister was a British surgeon who embraced Louis Pasteur's theory of
microorganisms as the cause of infection. Lister used carbolic acid as an antiseptic
during surgery and improved the survival rates of his patients. Alexander Gordon proposed
the theory of infection. Oliver Wendell Holmes and Ignaz Philip Semmelweis confirmed
his theory.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control Integrated
Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 4
6. A young couple are very excited to learn they are expecting their first child and
question the nurse about which test they need to discover its gender. Which procedure will
best provide this information to the couple?
A. Ultrasound
B. Amniocentesis
C. Chorionic villus sampling
D. HGP
Answer: A
Rationale: Ultrasound is a visual method for assessing the fetus in the uterus and will provide
information about the gender. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling provide the entire
genetic code of the fetus. HGP refers to the Human Genome Project, which can provide
information regarding gene mutations and variations.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Caring
Reference: p. 6
Health Care
Environment Hatfield: Introductory Maternity and Pediatric
Nursing, 5th Edition
1. The opening up of hospital visiting policies for children and
families likely resultedfrom the work of which individual?
A. Joseph Brennaman
B. John Bowlby
C. Marshal Klaus
D. John
Kennell
Answer: B
Rationale: In 1951, John Bowlby received worldwide attention with his
study that revealed the negative results of the separation of child and mother because of
hospitalization. His work led toa re-evaluation and liberalization of hospital visiting policies
for children. Joseph Brennaman suggested that a lack of stimulation for infants contributed
to high infant mortality rates at the time. In the 1970s and 1980s, physicians Marshall
Klaus and John Kennell carried out importantstudies on the effect of the separation of
newborns and parents. They established that early separation may have long-term effects
on family relationships and that offering the new family an opportunity to be together at
birth and for a significant period after birth may provide benefitsthat last well into early
childhood.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 4
2. An expectant mother states that she read that more black mothers die in childbirth than
do white mothers. When responding to her questions about the reasons for this, the
nurse accurately states that which is the major reason for the high maternal mortality
rate?
A. Having formal education.
B. Being unmarried.
C. Income.
D. Lack of prenatal care.
Answer: D
Rationale: Research shows that maternal mortality rate is directly related to lack of prenatal
care secondary to lack of access to services or insurance. Income as well as educational
level may play a role in the availability of health care, but they are not directly
responsible. Being unmarried has no bearing on infant mortality.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Understand
,Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 9
3. Which statement correctly defines the term "infant death rate"?
A. number of deaths in utero of fetuses 500 g or more per 1,000 live births
B. number of deaths occurring in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births
C. number of deaths occurring at birth or in the first 12 months of life per 1,000 live births
D. death of a live-born child before his or her first birthday.
Answer: D
Rationale: The term infant death refers to the death of a live-born child before he or she
reaches age 1 year. It also includes neonatal mortality rate. Neonatal mortality rate is the
number of infant deaths during the first 28 days of life for every 1,000 live births. Infant
mortality rate is the number of deaths during the first 12 months of life per 1,000 live births.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 9
4. The nursing instructor is preparing to teach a group of students about the history of maternity
care. What major development will the instructor emphasize as greatly influencing the
practice of maternity care in the United States over the past century?
A. technologic advances and the use of forceps by primary care providers
B. development of anesthesia and acceptance of the germ theory
C. advent of birthing centers and the development of family-centered care
D. development of pediatric specialty and replacement of midwives as primary birth
attendants Answer: B
Rationale: The emphasis should be placed on anesthesia and the germ theory. The
development of anesthesia allowed women a choice for pain management in birth; the germ
theory advanced the progress of general health care and decreased infections in laboring
women. Pediatrics as a specialty is an important step forward but is not the greatest
development, and midwives are still in practice. Maternity care continues to evolve, and
birthing centers are still under development. Forceps are not considered an advance in
maternity care.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Analyze
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
, Integrated Process:
Teaching/Learning Reference: p. 3
5. When preparing a client for surgery, the nurse explains that the use of an antiseptic
during the surgery has greatly improved client survival rates and was started by which
physician?
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Ignaz Philip Semmelweis
C. Joseph Lister
D. Alexander
Gordon Answer: C
Rationale: Joseph Lister was a British surgeon who embraced Louis Pasteur's theory of
microorganisms as the cause of infection. Lister used carbolic acid as an antiseptic
during surgery and improved the survival rates of his patients. Alexander Gordon proposed
the theory of infection. Oliver Wendell Holmes and Ignaz Philip Semmelweis confirmed
his theory.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control Integrated
Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 4
6. A young couple are very excited to learn they are expecting their first child and
question the nurse about which test they need to discover its gender. Which procedure will
best provide this information to the couple?
A. Ultrasound
B. Amniocentesis
C. Chorionic villus sampling
D. HGP
Answer: A
Rationale: Ultrasound is a visual method for assessing the fetus in the uterus and will provide
information about the gender. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling provide the entire
genetic code of the fetus. HGP refers to the Human Genome Project, which can provide
information regarding gene mutations and variations.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Caring
Reference: p. 6
