NURS 316 UNIT 6 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024-2025 WITH RATIONALE
Upon admission assessment, the nurse hears a murmur located at the fifth
intercostal space, midclavicular line. The client asks, "what does that mean?". The
nurse will base her answer on which of the following physiologic principles?
A. You have been exposed to an infection that went into your blood stream
B. You have a heart valve that is diseased
C. Your heart has been pumping your blood so hard, that the pressure has
damaged your valves.
D. Your heart has enlarged, so naturally your valves had to enlarge as well.
B. You have a heart valve that is diseased --- Turbulence is often accompanied
by vibrations of the blood and surrounding cardiovascular structures. Some of
these vibrations are in the audible range and can be heard using a stethoscope.
For example, a heart murmur results from turbulent flow through a diseased
heart valve. The other distractors are not feasible.
A client is diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm that the physician just
wants to "watch" for now. When teaching the S&S to watch for, the nurse will
base the teaching on which of the following physiological principles?
A. Small diameter of this vessel will cause it to rupture more readily.
B. The larger the aneurysm, the less tension placed on the vessel.
C. As the aneurysm grows, more tension is placed on the vessel wall, which
increases the risk for rupture.
D. The primary cause for rupture relates to the increase in abdominal pressure
such as straining to have a bowel movement.
,C. As the aneurysm grows, more tension is placed on the vessel wall, which
increases the risk for rupture.
A client has entered hypovolemic shock after massive blood loss in a car accident.
Many of the client's peripheral blood vessels have consequently collapsed. How
does the Laplace law account for this pathophysiologic phenomenon?
A. Blood pressure is no longer able to overcome vessel wall tension
B. Decreasing vessel radii has caused a decease in blood pressure.
C. Wall thickness of small vessels has decreased due to hypotensiion
D. Decreases in wall tension and blood pressure have caused a sudden increase in
vessel radii.
A. Blood pressure is no longer able to overcome vessel wall tension
Which of the following statements about vascular compliance is accurate?
A. Arteries are much more distensible than veins
B. Veins can act a a reservoir for storing large quantities of blood
C. Arteries have thick muscular walls that constrict tightly, thereby ejecting blood
without storing it for later use.
D. A continuous flow through the capillaries occurs primarily during systole.
B. Veins can act a a reservoir for storing large quantities of blood --- The most
distensible of all vessels are the veins, which can increase their volume with
only slight changes in pressure, allowing them to function as a reservoir for
storing large quantities of blood that can be returned to the circulation when it
,is needed. Although arteries have a thicker muscular wall than veins, their
distensibility allows them to store some of the blood that is ejected from the
heart during systole, providing for continuous flow through the capillaries as the
heart relaxes during diastole.
In the days following a tooth cleaning and root canal, a client has developed an
infection of the thin, three-layered membrane that lines the heart and covers the
valves. What is this client's most likely diagnosis?
A. Pericarditis
B. Endocarditis
C. Myocarditis
D. Vasculitis
B. Endocarditis
Following several weeks of increasing fatigue and subsequent diagnostic workup,
a client has been diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation. Failure of this heart
valve would have which of the following consequences?
A. Backup of blood from the right atrium into the superior vena cava
B. Backflow from the right ventricle to the right atrium during systole
C. Inhibition of the SA node's normal action potential
D. Backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium
D. Backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium --- The mitral valve
separates the left ventricle from the left atrium; failure of this valve would
cause backflow from the former to the latter during systole. Valve function does
not directly affect cardiac contractility.
, Heart muscle differs from skeletal muscle tissue by being able to generate:
A. Contractions
B. Calcium influx
C. Action potentials
D. Sarcomere binding
C. Action potentials
When discussing the AV node's role in the electrical conduction of the heart with
a client newly diagnosed with an AV block, which of the following statements are
accurate? Select all that apply/
A. The AV node offers a two-way conduction area between the atria and the
ventricles.
B. The velocity of conduction through the AV junctional fibres is very fast, which
greatly increases impulse transmission.
C. A block at the AV bundle of His interferes with the normal delay of the impulse,
thereby interfering with complete ejection of blood from the atria prior to
ventricular contraction.
D. When there is an AV block, impulses from the atria and ventricles beat
independently of each other, so, the heart rhythm is usually chaotic and not
regular.
C. A block at the AV bundle of His interferes with the normal delay of the impulse,
thereby interfering with complete ejection of blood from the atria prior to
ventricular contraction.
D. When there is an AV block, impulses from the atria and ventricles beat
independently of each other, so, the heart rhythm is usually chaotic and not
ANSWERS 2024-2025 WITH RATIONALE
Upon admission assessment, the nurse hears a murmur located at the fifth
intercostal space, midclavicular line. The client asks, "what does that mean?". The
nurse will base her answer on which of the following physiologic principles?
A. You have been exposed to an infection that went into your blood stream
B. You have a heart valve that is diseased
C. Your heart has been pumping your blood so hard, that the pressure has
damaged your valves.
D. Your heart has enlarged, so naturally your valves had to enlarge as well.
B. You have a heart valve that is diseased --- Turbulence is often accompanied
by vibrations of the blood and surrounding cardiovascular structures. Some of
these vibrations are in the audible range and can be heard using a stethoscope.
For example, a heart murmur results from turbulent flow through a diseased
heart valve. The other distractors are not feasible.
A client is diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm that the physician just
wants to "watch" for now. When teaching the S&S to watch for, the nurse will
base the teaching on which of the following physiological principles?
A. Small diameter of this vessel will cause it to rupture more readily.
B. The larger the aneurysm, the less tension placed on the vessel.
C. As the aneurysm grows, more tension is placed on the vessel wall, which
increases the risk for rupture.
D. The primary cause for rupture relates to the increase in abdominal pressure
such as straining to have a bowel movement.
,C. As the aneurysm grows, more tension is placed on the vessel wall, which
increases the risk for rupture.
A client has entered hypovolemic shock after massive blood loss in a car accident.
Many of the client's peripheral blood vessels have consequently collapsed. How
does the Laplace law account for this pathophysiologic phenomenon?
A. Blood pressure is no longer able to overcome vessel wall tension
B. Decreasing vessel radii has caused a decease in blood pressure.
C. Wall thickness of small vessels has decreased due to hypotensiion
D. Decreases in wall tension and blood pressure have caused a sudden increase in
vessel radii.
A. Blood pressure is no longer able to overcome vessel wall tension
Which of the following statements about vascular compliance is accurate?
A. Arteries are much more distensible than veins
B. Veins can act a a reservoir for storing large quantities of blood
C. Arteries have thick muscular walls that constrict tightly, thereby ejecting blood
without storing it for later use.
D. A continuous flow through the capillaries occurs primarily during systole.
B. Veins can act a a reservoir for storing large quantities of blood --- The most
distensible of all vessels are the veins, which can increase their volume with
only slight changes in pressure, allowing them to function as a reservoir for
storing large quantities of blood that can be returned to the circulation when it
,is needed. Although arteries have a thicker muscular wall than veins, their
distensibility allows them to store some of the blood that is ejected from the
heart during systole, providing for continuous flow through the capillaries as the
heart relaxes during diastole.
In the days following a tooth cleaning and root canal, a client has developed an
infection of the thin, three-layered membrane that lines the heart and covers the
valves. What is this client's most likely diagnosis?
A. Pericarditis
B. Endocarditis
C. Myocarditis
D. Vasculitis
B. Endocarditis
Following several weeks of increasing fatigue and subsequent diagnostic workup,
a client has been diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation. Failure of this heart
valve would have which of the following consequences?
A. Backup of blood from the right atrium into the superior vena cava
B. Backflow from the right ventricle to the right atrium during systole
C. Inhibition of the SA node's normal action potential
D. Backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium
D. Backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium --- The mitral valve
separates the left ventricle from the left atrium; failure of this valve would
cause backflow from the former to the latter during systole. Valve function does
not directly affect cardiac contractility.
, Heart muscle differs from skeletal muscle tissue by being able to generate:
A. Contractions
B. Calcium influx
C. Action potentials
D. Sarcomere binding
C. Action potentials
When discussing the AV node's role in the electrical conduction of the heart with
a client newly diagnosed with an AV block, which of the following statements are
accurate? Select all that apply/
A. The AV node offers a two-way conduction area between the atria and the
ventricles.
B. The velocity of conduction through the AV junctional fibres is very fast, which
greatly increases impulse transmission.
C. A block at the AV bundle of His interferes with the normal delay of the impulse,
thereby interfering with complete ejection of blood from the atria prior to
ventricular contraction.
D. When there is an AV block, impulses from the atria and ventricles beat
independently of each other, so, the heart rhythm is usually chaotic and not
regular.
C. A block at the AV bundle of His interferes with the normal delay of the impulse,
thereby interfering with complete ejection of blood from the atria prior to
ventricular contraction.
D. When there is an AV block, impulses from the atria and ventricles beat
independently of each other, so, the heart rhythm is usually chaotic and not
