FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM LATEST 2025 WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? - (answer)(2) Kidneys,
(2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - (answer)Removal of waste
products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - (answer)Renin is a hormone produced by the kidneys with important
effects on the regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
Erythropoietin - (answer)stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (RBSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - (answer)The kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its
activated form. This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health by helping absorb
calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? - (answer)No longer produce calcitriol - the active
form of Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes demineralization of the bone - bone begins to
break down to release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer excrete excess phosphorus
(PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further calcium
bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? - (answer)Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside
the cells • Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the cells
What is homeostasis? - (answer)Maintaining a stable internal environment
uremia - (answer)build up of waste
,FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM LATEST 2025 WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
What is a semi-permeable membrane? - (answer)A membrane made from protein, with small pores or
holes. Only certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion cease to occur? - (answer)Diffusion will
continue throughout the dialysis treatment until the concentration of each electrolyte found in the
patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? - (answer)Blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - (answer)Clotted fibers cause the permeability of
the fiber to be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in treatment adequacy. As a result , diffusion
does not occur as particles cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates them? - (answer)The blood
compartment is separated from the dialysate compartment by a semi-permeable membrane. The blood
and dialysate do not mix together.
What are three types of solutions? - (answer)• Hypotonic-containing less particles • Isotonic-containing
equal particles • Hypertonic-containing more particles
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? - (answer)Patients develop mild
to severe reactions in some cases, usually seen the first half hour of treatment. Sneezing, itching, pain at
the access site, chest pain, rashing, hives, fever, all may be symptoms of dialyzer membrane allergy, or
allergy to the sterilant used in the manufacturing process
What volume should be used for fresh fill/run off? - (answer)50 ml of saline should be drained from the
arterial line and 250 ml should be drained from the venous line
, FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM LATEST 2025 WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
When dialyzing a patient, what position should the dialyzer be in during hemodialysis? - (answer)Place
the dialyzer arterial end up during the treatment.
What should be checked on a dialyzer before machine set up? - (answer)The dialyzer should be checked
for sterility (the dialyzer should either be intact in the original packaging or if out of the package should
have all open ports capped), any structural damage and be the size and brand that was ordered by the
doctor.
What are electrolytes? - (answer)Electrolytes are charged particles that can conduct an electrical
current. Electrolytes in the body control motor, muscle and nerve function, and maintain the body's
homeostasis.
The most important electrolytes to consider in uremic patients are: - (answer)Sodium (Na+) Potassium
(K+) Calcium (Ca++) Magnesium (Mg++)
Fluid removed during hemodialysis comes from which body fluid compartment? - (answer)During
dialysis fluid is removed from the intravascular fluid compartment or bloodstream.
What is dialysate? - (answer)Dialysate is a non-sterile solution and its function is to remove waste
products from the blood and balance electrolytes
Dialysate is composed of - (answer)treated water, acid solution, and bicarbonate solution
What electrolytes are found in the dialysate? - (answer)sodium (Na+) potassium (K+) calcium (Ca++)
magnesium (Mg++) chloride (Cl-)
DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? - (answer)(2) Kidneys,
(2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - (answer)Removal of waste
products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - (answer)Renin is a hormone produced by the kidneys with important
effects on the regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
Erythropoietin - (answer)stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (RBSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - (answer)The kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its
activated form. This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health by helping absorb
calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? - (answer)No longer produce calcitriol - the active
form of Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes demineralization of the bone - bone begins to
break down to release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer excrete excess phosphorus
(PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further calcium
bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? - (answer)Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside
the cells • Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the cells
What is homeostasis? - (answer)Maintaining a stable internal environment
uremia - (answer)build up of waste
,FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM LATEST 2025 WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
What is a semi-permeable membrane? - (answer)A membrane made from protein, with small pores or
holes. Only certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion cease to occur? - (answer)Diffusion will
continue throughout the dialysis treatment until the concentration of each electrolyte found in the
patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? - (answer)Blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - (answer)Clotted fibers cause the permeability of
the fiber to be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in treatment adequacy. As a result , diffusion
does not occur as particles cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates them? - (answer)The blood
compartment is separated from the dialysate compartment by a semi-permeable membrane. The blood
and dialysate do not mix together.
What are three types of solutions? - (answer)• Hypotonic-containing less particles • Isotonic-containing
equal particles • Hypertonic-containing more particles
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? - (answer)Patients develop mild
to severe reactions in some cases, usually seen the first half hour of treatment. Sneezing, itching, pain at
the access site, chest pain, rashing, hives, fever, all may be symptoms of dialyzer membrane allergy, or
allergy to the sterilant used in the manufacturing process
What volume should be used for fresh fill/run off? - (answer)50 ml of saline should be drained from the
arterial line and 250 ml should be drained from the venous line
, FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM LATEST 2025 WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
When dialyzing a patient, what position should the dialyzer be in during hemodialysis? - (answer)Place
the dialyzer arterial end up during the treatment.
What should be checked on a dialyzer before machine set up? - (answer)The dialyzer should be checked
for sterility (the dialyzer should either be intact in the original packaging or if out of the package should
have all open ports capped), any structural damage and be the size and brand that was ordered by the
doctor.
What are electrolytes? - (answer)Electrolytes are charged particles that can conduct an electrical
current. Electrolytes in the body control motor, muscle and nerve function, and maintain the body's
homeostasis.
The most important electrolytes to consider in uremic patients are: - (answer)Sodium (Na+) Potassium
(K+) Calcium (Ca++) Magnesium (Mg++)
Fluid removed during hemodialysis comes from which body fluid compartment? - (answer)During
dialysis fluid is removed from the intravascular fluid compartment or bloodstream.
What is dialysate? - (answer)Dialysate is a non-sterile solution and its function is to remove waste
products from the blood and balance electrolytes
Dialysate is composed of - (answer)treated water, acid solution, and bicarbonate solution
What electrolytes are found in the dialysate? - (answer)sodium (Na+) potassium (K+) calcium (Ca++)
magnesium (Mg++) chloride (Cl-)
