Test Bank for Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine 7th Edition by Turgeon Chapter 1-27|Complete Guide A+

TEST BANK FORl0 l0


Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0




Chapter 1-27
l0

,Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0




MULTIPLE CHOICE l0




1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.

ANS: B l 0


Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0




DIF: Cognitive Level: I l0 l0




2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. l0




ANS: C l 0


Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried po
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


wders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0




DIF: Cognitive Level: I l0 l0




3. A specific function of the immune system is to
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


a. recognize self from nonself. l0 l0 l0


b. defend the body against nonself. l0 l0 l0 l0


c. amplify specific functions. l0 l0


d. Both A and B. l0 l0 l0




ANS: D l 0


The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body agai
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


nst nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of th
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


e immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and solubl
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


e factors (e.g., complement).
l0 l0 l0




DIF: Cognitive Level: I l0 l0




4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


a. natural resistance. l0


b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. l0 l0 l0 l0

, c. an autoimmune disorder.
l0 l0


d. recovery from infectious disease. l0 l0 l0




ANS: C l 0


The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired res
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


istance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause ma
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


ny disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplante
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


d organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0




DIF: Cognitive Level: I l0 l0




5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. l0 l0 l0




ANS: D l 0


The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with t
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


he distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation a
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


mong different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymph
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


ocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate mobilit
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


y. In addition, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicat
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


e. Cooperation is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular el
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


ements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements.
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0




DIF: Cognitive Level: I l0 l0




6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


a. immediate hours after conception l0 l0 l0


b. second month of gestation. l0 l0 l0


c. second trimester of gestation. l0 l0 l0


d. periods of severe anemia in children. l0 l0 l0 l0 l0




ANS: A l 0


The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the embr
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


yo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0




DIF: Cognitive Level: II l0 l0




7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
l0 l0 l0 l0


b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
l0 l0 l0 l0


c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. l0 l0 l0 l0


d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.l0 l0 l0 l0




ANS: A l 0

, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the y
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


olk sac as the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver be
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


comes the major site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initi
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


al appearance. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l


0fourth month of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal m
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


onth, bone marrow begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0




DIF: Cognitive Level: II l0 l0




8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


a. to reduce inflammation. l0 l0


b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


c. antigen recognition. l0


d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D l 0


Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal sy
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


stem, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l


can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the i
0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


nflammatory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


with an intruding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can b
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


e released in severe infections.
l0 l0 l0 l0




DIF: Cognitive Level: II l0 l0




9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. l0 l0 l0




ANS: D l 0


Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0




DIF: Cognitive Level: I l0 l0




10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated
l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0 l0


l0 with:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba l0


c. allergic reactions l0


d. bacteria
ANS: C l 0