MCB2010 - Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions 100% Solved| Grade A+
What is the effect of hydrogen peroxide and what are some of its uses? Kill by oxidation of
microbial enzymes
is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It
may also be used as a mouth rinse to help remove mucus or to relieve minor mouth irritation
What are aldehydes used for? Compounds containing terminal —CHO groups
Cross-link functional groups to denature proteins and inactivate nucleic acids
Glutaraldehyde disinfects and sterilizes
Formalin used in embalming and disinfection of rooms and instruments
What is Ethylene oxide used for? a type of flammable and explosive gas that is used for the
sterilization of medical equipment and devices.
What are the various mechanisms that are considered first line of defense? skin
mucous membranes
What are the various mechanisms that are considered second line of defense? Composed of
cells, antimicrobial chemicals, and processes but no physical barriers
Phagocytic white blood cells
Inflammation
Antimicrobial substances
What are the various mechanisms that are considered third line of defense? The body's
ability to recognize and defend itself against distinct invaders and their products
Specific
, Memory
Self tolerance
Lymphocytes
Antibodies
How are the host normal flora considered a first line of defense? Normal flora prevent other
microorganisms from establishing an infection
- "competitive exclusion"
two species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist at constant population
values
List the various structures and secretions in the skin that make it defensive Sweat glands
create high salt conditions and antibacterial enzymes (lysozyme).
Sebaceous glands produce an oil layer; fatty acids and acidic pH makes an inhospitable
environment for microorganisms.
What are the main effects of the inflammatory response on the body? Inflammation is a
localized tissue response that occurs when your tissues are damaged and in response to other
stimuli. Inflammation brings more white blood cells to the site where the microbes have
invaded. The inflammatory response produces swelling, redness, heat, and pain.
What are the stages of inflammation, and how do these coincide with the cardinal signs of that
process? 1. damaged tissues release histamines increasing blood flow in the area
2. histamines cause capillaries to leak, releasing phagocytes and clotting factors into the wound
3. phagocytes engulf bacteria, dead cells, and cellular debris
What is the effect of hydrogen peroxide and what are some of its uses? Kill by oxidation of
microbial enzymes
is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It
may also be used as a mouth rinse to help remove mucus or to relieve minor mouth irritation
What are aldehydes used for? Compounds containing terminal —CHO groups
Cross-link functional groups to denature proteins and inactivate nucleic acids
Glutaraldehyde disinfects and sterilizes
Formalin used in embalming and disinfection of rooms and instruments
What is Ethylene oxide used for? a type of flammable and explosive gas that is used for the
sterilization of medical equipment and devices.
What are the various mechanisms that are considered first line of defense? skin
mucous membranes
What are the various mechanisms that are considered second line of defense? Composed of
cells, antimicrobial chemicals, and processes but no physical barriers
Phagocytic white blood cells
Inflammation
Antimicrobial substances
What are the various mechanisms that are considered third line of defense? The body's
ability to recognize and defend itself against distinct invaders and their products
Specific
, Memory
Self tolerance
Lymphocytes
Antibodies
How are the host normal flora considered a first line of defense? Normal flora prevent other
microorganisms from establishing an infection
- "competitive exclusion"
two species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist at constant population
values
List the various structures and secretions in the skin that make it defensive Sweat glands
create high salt conditions and antibacterial enzymes (lysozyme).
Sebaceous glands produce an oil layer; fatty acids and acidic pH makes an inhospitable
environment for microorganisms.
What are the main effects of the inflammatory response on the body? Inflammation is a
localized tissue response that occurs when your tissues are damaged and in response to other
stimuli. Inflammation brings more white blood cells to the site where the microbes have
invaded. The inflammatory response produces swelling, redness, heat, and pain.
What are the stages of inflammation, and how do these coincide with the cardinal signs of that
process? 1. damaged tissues release histamines increasing blood flow in the area
2. histamines cause capillaries to leak, releasing phagocytes and clotting factors into the wound
3. phagocytes engulf bacteria, dead cells, and cellular debris
