NYSTCE ESOL CST EXAM COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
NYSTCE ESOL CST (116)
ACCURATE ANSWERS (2025) |ALREADY PASSED!!
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6i6y2m
1. Intonation the way the voice rises and falls in speech
2. morpheme the smallest unit of meaning in a language
3. Abraham Maslow developed hierarchy of needs, which theorized to be the unconscious de-
sires that motivate people
4. subordinating con- joins a dependent clause to an independent clause to which it is related
junction
5. voiceless sounds sounds made without vibrating the vocal cords
6. Howard Gardner created the theory of multiple intelligences; proposed that using a person's
area of giftedness to demonstrate intellect will help learners achieve their
potential
7. independent (or a clause that can stand alone as it's own sequence
main) clause
8. one-word stage stage of language acquisition; characterized by a child's use of a single word
to convey a full meaning
9. humor stage stage of acculturation; when students start to come to terms with their
circumstances and move toward acceptance of their new culture
10. SIFE Students with Interrupted Formal Education
11. labial consonant sound produced by the top and bottom lips coming together (m)
sound
12. gerund phrase phrase that begins with a gerund (verbs that end in -ing and act as nouns)
13. connotation the emotional association of a word
14. helping verb verb that indicates tense (when the action occurred)
, NYSTCE ESOL CST (116)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6i6y2m
15. Woodcock-Muñoz an individually administered assessment that measures cognitive aspects of
Language Survey language proficiency in the form of vocabulary usage, verbal analogies, and
letter-word identification
16. Audio-Lingual an oral-based approach to language instruction developed by linguists and
Method (ALM) behavior psychologists; teaches the target language through repetition
17. phonetics the study of the production of sounds in speech
18. silent way teaching method based on the idea that language learning should be
much like problem-solving and discovery learning; teachers are as silent
as possible during lessons in order to promote student participation and
experimentation and to concentrate on learning over teaching
19. dependent (or sub- a clause that cannot stand alone as its own sentence
ordinate) clause
20. inferential item a piece of information that requires the test taker to read between the lines
in order to determine what an author is implying
21. communicative com- the ability to speak a language both appropriately in a social context as well
petence as correctly in terms of rules and structure
22. two-word stage stage of language acquisition; children begin to learn words and use word
combinations
23. early stage of literacy characterized by the learner's use of multiple strategies to predict and
development understand words
24. intermediate fluency fourth stage of second-language acquisition; learners have acquired a vo-
cabulary of about 6,000 words and are able to speak in more complex
sentences and correct many of their own errors
, NYSTCE ESOL CST (116)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6i6y2m
25. free morpheme a morpheme that can stand on its own
26. literal item information that refers directly back to the content of the reading material
where the answer is defined word by word
27. monitor hypothesis knowledge that is gained through formal learning that can be used to
monitor speech but is not useful in spontaneous speech
28. validity indicated how well an assessment measures what it is intended to measure;
a test is not considered valid if it is not reliable
29. scaffold the support that allows a child to work above their independent level and is
gradually removed as the learner gains mastery
30. positive behavioral a social learning approach that assumes all persistent behavior choices are
support logical, so a persistent misbehavior must serve some purpose
31. Cognitive Academic language needed for academic work and study
Language Proficien-
cy (CALP)
32. natural order hy- one of the five hypotheses of the monitor model; posits that language is
pothesis attained in a foreseeable pattern by all learners
33. classic conditioning learning a response to stimuli or the environment
34. assimilation when a speech sound changes due to the influence of nearby sounds
35. passive voice a sentence construction in which the subject of the sentence is receiving the
action of the main verb
36. Basic Interperson- social skills students use in everyday life when socializing on the playground,
al Communication in the cafeteria, and outside the school
Skills (BICS)
, NYSTCE ESOL CST (116)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6i6y2m
37. norm referenced a test that measures students in comparison with other students of the same
age
38. integrative services a system where all agencies are working in cooperation, and the clients -
ELLs and their families - have access to a streamlined and connected range
of needed assistance
39. Lau v. Nichols This 1974 Supreme Court ruled that the San Francisco Unified School District
had denied Chinese-speaking students' rights to equal educational oppor-
tunities; the ruling stated that schools receiving federal funds must provide
programs to address the language needs of non-English-speaking students.
40. total physical re- an instructional method that provides students, particularly beginning lan-
sponse (TPR) guage learners, with the opportunity to acquire language skills by listening
to and following spoken comands
41. bound morpheme a morpheme that must be attached to a word to have meaning
42. sociolinguistics the study of language and its relation to society and culture
43. sheltered instruction provides ELLs with access to appropriate, grade-level content while support-
ing their need for ongoing language instruction
44. Keyes v. School Dis- 1973 Supreme Court decision ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, giving Latino
trict No. 1, Denver, students the same rights ascribed to desegregation as had only previously
Colorado been given to African American students
45. infinitive phrase a verbal phrase that may act as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb
46. extrinsic motivation motivation driven by external rewards
47. English Language identify the target language development skills an English learner is expect-
Proficiency (ELP) ed to meet in the context of instruction that is appropriately scaffolded for
standards optimal learning
NYSTCE ESOL CST (116)
ACCURATE ANSWERS (2025) |ALREADY PASSED!!
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6i6y2m
1. Intonation the way the voice rises and falls in speech
2. morpheme the smallest unit of meaning in a language
3. Abraham Maslow developed hierarchy of needs, which theorized to be the unconscious de-
sires that motivate people
4. subordinating con- joins a dependent clause to an independent clause to which it is related
junction
5. voiceless sounds sounds made without vibrating the vocal cords
6. Howard Gardner created the theory of multiple intelligences; proposed that using a person's
area of giftedness to demonstrate intellect will help learners achieve their
potential
7. independent (or a clause that can stand alone as it's own sequence
main) clause
8. one-word stage stage of language acquisition; characterized by a child's use of a single word
to convey a full meaning
9. humor stage stage of acculturation; when students start to come to terms with their
circumstances and move toward acceptance of their new culture
10. SIFE Students with Interrupted Formal Education
11. labial consonant sound produced by the top and bottom lips coming together (m)
sound
12. gerund phrase phrase that begins with a gerund (verbs that end in -ing and act as nouns)
13. connotation the emotional association of a word
14. helping verb verb that indicates tense (when the action occurred)
, NYSTCE ESOL CST (116)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6i6y2m
15. Woodcock-Muñoz an individually administered assessment that measures cognitive aspects of
Language Survey language proficiency in the form of vocabulary usage, verbal analogies, and
letter-word identification
16. Audio-Lingual an oral-based approach to language instruction developed by linguists and
Method (ALM) behavior psychologists; teaches the target language through repetition
17. phonetics the study of the production of sounds in speech
18. silent way teaching method based on the idea that language learning should be
much like problem-solving and discovery learning; teachers are as silent
as possible during lessons in order to promote student participation and
experimentation and to concentrate on learning over teaching
19. dependent (or sub- a clause that cannot stand alone as its own sentence
ordinate) clause
20. inferential item a piece of information that requires the test taker to read between the lines
in order to determine what an author is implying
21. communicative com- the ability to speak a language both appropriately in a social context as well
petence as correctly in terms of rules and structure
22. two-word stage stage of language acquisition; children begin to learn words and use word
combinations
23. early stage of literacy characterized by the learner's use of multiple strategies to predict and
development understand words
24. intermediate fluency fourth stage of second-language acquisition; learners have acquired a vo-
cabulary of about 6,000 words and are able to speak in more complex
sentences and correct many of their own errors
, NYSTCE ESOL CST (116)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6i6y2m
25. free morpheme a morpheme that can stand on its own
26. literal item information that refers directly back to the content of the reading material
where the answer is defined word by word
27. monitor hypothesis knowledge that is gained through formal learning that can be used to
monitor speech but is not useful in spontaneous speech
28. validity indicated how well an assessment measures what it is intended to measure;
a test is not considered valid if it is not reliable
29. scaffold the support that allows a child to work above their independent level and is
gradually removed as the learner gains mastery
30. positive behavioral a social learning approach that assumes all persistent behavior choices are
support logical, so a persistent misbehavior must serve some purpose
31. Cognitive Academic language needed for academic work and study
Language Proficien-
cy (CALP)
32. natural order hy- one of the five hypotheses of the monitor model; posits that language is
pothesis attained in a foreseeable pattern by all learners
33. classic conditioning learning a response to stimuli or the environment
34. assimilation when a speech sound changes due to the influence of nearby sounds
35. passive voice a sentence construction in which the subject of the sentence is receiving the
action of the main verb
36. Basic Interperson- social skills students use in everyday life when socializing on the playground,
al Communication in the cafeteria, and outside the school
Skills (BICS)
, NYSTCE ESOL CST (116)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6i6y2m
37. norm referenced a test that measures students in comparison with other students of the same
age
38. integrative services a system where all agencies are working in cooperation, and the clients -
ELLs and their families - have access to a streamlined and connected range
of needed assistance
39. Lau v. Nichols This 1974 Supreme Court ruled that the San Francisco Unified School District
had denied Chinese-speaking students' rights to equal educational oppor-
tunities; the ruling stated that schools receiving federal funds must provide
programs to address the language needs of non-English-speaking students.
40. total physical re- an instructional method that provides students, particularly beginning lan-
sponse (TPR) guage learners, with the opportunity to acquire language skills by listening
to and following spoken comands
41. bound morpheme a morpheme that must be attached to a word to have meaning
42. sociolinguistics the study of language and its relation to society and culture
43. sheltered instruction provides ELLs with access to appropriate, grade-level content while support-
ing their need for ongoing language instruction
44. Keyes v. School Dis- 1973 Supreme Court decision ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, giving Latino
trict No. 1, Denver, students the same rights ascribed to desegregation as had only previously
Colorado been given to African American students
45. infinitive phrase a verbal phrase that may act as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb
46. extrinsic motivation motivation driven by external rewards
47. English Language identify the target language development skills an English learner is expect-
Proficiency (ELP) ed to meet in the context of instruction that is appropriately scaffolded for
standards optimal learning
