MARYVILLE UNIVERSITYNURS 611 EXAM 3 PATHO
2025 EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK 2025 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH CORRECT DETAILED RATIONALES|
GRADED A+ advanced Pathophysiology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks
is an example of which concept?
a. Incidence c. Ratio
b. Prevalence d. Risk
ANS: B
Prevalence rate is the proportion of the population affected by a disease at a specific point
in time. Thus both the incidence rate and the length of the survival period in affected
individuals determine prevalence. The incidence rate is the number of new cases of a
disease reported during a specific period (typically 1 year), divided by the number of
individuals in the population. A numerical expression representing a part of a larger whole
or proportion is considered a ratio. Any factor that increases the chance of disease or
injury is considered a risk.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 165
,2. The ratio of the disease among the exposed population to the disease rate in an
unexposed population is referred to as what type of risk?
a. Attributable c. Causal
b. Contingency d. Relative
ANS: D
A common measure of the effect oNfUaRsSpI NecGi TfiBc . CriOs kM fact or is the relative risk. Assuming a
factor is the cause of a disease, attributable risk is the amount of risk that is due to that
factor. A future event or circumstance that is possible but cannot be predicted with
certainty is a contingency risk. The probability of the outcome is termed a causal risk
factor.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 165
3. Empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases are based on:
a. Chromosomal testing c. Liability thresholds
b. Direct observation d. Relative risks
ANS: B
For most multifactorial diseases, empirical risks (i.e., risks based on direct observation of
data) have been derived. The other options are not the basis for determining the empirical
risk of most multifactorial diseases.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 167
4. What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?
a. Diet high in saturated fats
b. Increased production of cholesterol by the liver
c. Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell
surfaces
, d. Abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood
ANS: C
A reduction in the number of functional LDL receptors on cell surfaces causes FH.
Lacking the normal number of LDL receptors, cellular cholesterol uptake is reduced and
circulating cholesterol levels increase (see Box 5-3). The other options are not the basis for
developing familial FH.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 173 | Box 5-3
5. Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?
a. Sodium intake c. Psychosocial stress
b. Physical inactivity d. Obesity
ANS: D
The most important environmental risk factors for hypertension are increased sodium
intake, decreased physical activity, psychosocial stress, and obesity. However, obesity is,
itself, influenced by genes and the environment.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 172
6. What percentage of all cases of breast cancer are identified as an autosomal
dominant form?
a. 5 c. 15
b. 10 d. 20
ANS: A
An autosomal dominant form of breast cancer accounts for approximately 5% of breast
NURSINGTB.COM
cancer cases in the United States.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 172 | Page 174
7. When a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer, her risk of
developing breast cancer is how many times greater?
a. 2 c. 6
b. 3 d. 10
ANS: A
If a woman has one affected first-degree relative, her risk of developing breast cancer
doubles.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 172
8. Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by
nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing
alcoholism?
a. Twofold c. Fourfold
b. Threefold d. Tenfold
ANS: C
, Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent, even when raised
by nonalcoholic parents, have a fourfold increased risk of developing the disorder.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 179
2025 EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK 2025 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH CORRECT DETAILED RATIONALES|
GRADED A+ advanced Pathophysiology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks
is an example of which concept?
a. Incidence c. Ratio
b. Prevalence d. Risk
ANS: B
Prevalence rate is the proportion of the population affected by a disease at a specific point
in time. Thus both the incidence rate and the length of the survival period in affected
individuals determine prevalence. The incidence rate is the number of new cases of a
disease reported during a specific period (typically 1 year), divided by the number of
individuals in the population. A numerical expression representing a part of a larger whole
or proportion is considered a ratio. Any factor that increases the chance of disease or
injury is considered a risk.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 165
,2. The ratio of the disease among the exposed population to the disease rate in an
unexposed population is referred to as what type of risk?
a. Attributable c. Causal
b. Contingency d. Relative
ANS: D
A common measure of the effect oNfUaRsSpI NecGi TfiBc . CriOs kM fact or is the relative risk. Assuming a
factor is the cause of a disease, attributable risk is the amount of risk that is due to that
factor. A future event or circumstance that is possible but cannot be predicted with
certainty is a contingency risk. The probability of the outcome is termed a causal risk
factor.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 165
3. Empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases are based on:
a. Chromosomal testing c. Liability thresholds
b. Direct observation d. Relative risks
ANS: B
For most multifactorial diseases, empirical risks (i.e., risks based on direct observation of
data) have been derived. The other options are not the basis for determining the empirical
risk of most multifactorial diseases.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 167
4. What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?
a. Diet high in saturated fats
b. Increased production of cholesterol by the liver
c. Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell
surfaces
, d. Abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood
ANS: C
A reduction in the number of functional LDL receptors on cell surfaces causes FH.
Lacking the normal number of LDL receptors, cellular cholesterol uptake is reduced and
circulating cholesterol levels increase (see Box 5-3). The other options are not the basis for
developing familial FH.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 173 | Box 5-3
5. Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?
a. Sodium intake c. Psychosocial stress
b. Physical inactivity d. Obesity
ANS: D
The most important environmental risk factors for hypertension are increased sodium
intake, decreased physical activity, psychosocial stress, and obesity. However, obesity is,
itself, influenced by genes and the environment.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 172
6. What percentage of all cases of breast cancer are identified as an autosomal
dominant form?
a. 5 c. 15
b. 10 d. 20
ANS: A
An autosomal dominant form of breast cancer accounts for approximately 5% of breast
NURSINGTB.COM
cancer cases in the United States.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 172 | Page 174
7. When a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer, her risk of
developing breast cancer is how many times greater?
a. 2 c. 6
b. 3 d. 10
ANS: A
If a woman has one affected first-degree relative, her risk of developing breast cancer
doubles.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 172
8. Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by
nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing
alcoholism?
a. Twofold c. Fourfold
b. Threefold d. Tenfold
ANS: C
, Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent, even when raised
by nonalcoholic parents, have a fourfold increased risk of developing the disorder.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 179
