1|Page
NAPLEX SPECIAL POPULATIONS (CRIT
CARE, PEDS,
TRANSPLANT, WEIGHT LOSS, CF) EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
= What fluids are crystalloids? - ANSWER-Dextrose, Saline,
Lactated Ringers
What are the advantages of crystalloids? - ANSWER-
Cheaper, have less adverse reactions.
What are the disadvantages of crystalloids. - ANSWER-
Tend not to remain in the intravascular space and will
seep out of the vein.
What fluids are colloids? - ANSWER-Albumin, Dextran,
Hydroxyethyl starch
albumin - ANSWER-Albutein, AlbuRx
hydroxyethyl starch - ANSWER-Hespan, Hextend
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What are the advantages of colloids? - ANSWER-Remain
in the intravascular space.
Increase oncotic pressure.
What are the disadvantages of colloids? - ANSWER-
Expensive Associated with adverse effects and poor
outcomes.
Define hyponatremia. - ANSWER-< 135 mEq/L
What are the causes of hypotonic hypovolemic
hyponatremia? - ANSWER-Dehydration due to diuretics,
salt-wasting, adrenal insufficiency, blood loss, or
vomiting/diarrhea
What is the treatment for hypotonic hypovolemic
hyponatremia? - ANSWER-IV saline fluids (NS, 1/2NS,
1/4NS)
What are the causes of hypotonic hypervolemic
hyponatremia? - ANSWER-Fluid overload
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What is the treatment of hypotonic hypervolemic
hyponatremia? - ANSWER-Diuresis and fluid restrict
What are the causes of hypotonic isovolemic
hyponatremia? - ANSWER-SIADH
What is the treatment for hypotonic isovolemic
hyponatremia. - ANSWER-Discontinue offending
medications.
Administer demeclocycline or arginine vasopressing
receptor antagonists.
What agents are arginine vasopressin receptor
antagonists? - ANSWER-tolvaptan (PO) conivaptan (IV)
tolvaptan - ANSWER-Samsca
What are the warnings for tolvaptan? - ANSWER-
Hepatotoxicity (limited 30 days of use)
What is the max rate of sodium correction per day? -
ANSWER-< 12 mEq/L per day.
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What are the adverse effects of too quickly correcting
sodium? - ANSWER-Osmotic demyelination syndrome
Define hypernatremia. - ANSWER-> 145 mEq/L
What are the causes of hypovolemic hypernatremia? -
ANSWERDehydration, vomiting, diarrhea
What is the treatment for hypovolemic hypernatremia? -
ANSWERFluid
What are the causes of hypervolemic hypernatremia? -
ANSWERIntake of hypertonic fluids
What is the treatment of hypervolemic hypernatremia? -
ANSWERDiuresis
What are the causes of isovolemic hypernatremia? -
ANSWERDiabetes insipidus
NAPLEX SPECIAL POPULATIONS (CRIT
CARE, PEDS,
TRANSPLANT, WEIGHT LOSS, CF) EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
= What fluids are crystalloids? - ANSWER-Dextrose, Saline,
Lactated Ringers
What are the advantages of crystalloids? - ANSWER-
Cheaper, have less adverse reactions.
What are the disadvantages of crystalloids. - ANSWER-
Tend not to remain in the intravascular space and will
seep out of the vein.
What fluids are colloids? - ANSWER-Albumin, Dextran,
Hydroxyethyl starch
albumin - ANSWER-Albutein, AlbuRx
hydroxyethyl starch - ANSWER-Hespan, Hextend
,2|Page
What are the advantages of colloids? - ANSWER-Remain
in the intravascular space.
Increase oncotic pressure.
What are the disadvantages of colloids? - ANSWER-
Expensive Associated with adverse effects and poor
outcomes.
Define hyponatremia. - ANSWER-< 135 mEq/L
What are the causes of hypotonic hypovolemic
hyponatremia? - ANSWER-Dehydration due to diuretics,
salt-wasting, adrenal insufficiency, blood loss, or
vomiting/diarrhea
What is the treatment for hypotonic hypovolemic
hyponatremia? - ANSWER-IV saline fluids (NS, 1/2NS,
1/4NS)
What are the causes of hypotonic hypervolemic
hyponatremia? - ANSWER-Fluid overload
,3|Page
What is the treatment of hypotonic hypervolemic
hyponatremia? - ANSWER-Diuresis and fluid restrict
What are the causes of hypotonic isovolemic
hyponatremia? - ANSWER-SIADH
What is the treatment for hypotonic isovolemic
hyponatremia. - ANSWER-Discontinue offending
medications.
Administer demeclocycline or arginine vasopressing
receptor antagonists.
What agents are arginine vasopressin receptor
antagonists? - ANSWER-tolvaptan (PO) conivaptan (IV)
tolvaptan - ANSWER-Samsca
What are the warnings for tolvaptan? - ANSWER-
Hepatotoxicity (limited 30 days of use)
What is the max rate of sodium correction per day? -
ANSWER-< 12 mEq/L per day.
, 4|Page
What are the adverse effects of too quickly correcting
sodium? - ANSWER-Osmotic demyelination syndrome
Define hypernatremia. - ANSWER-> 145 mEq/L
What are the causes of hypovolemic hypernatremia? -
ANSWERDehydration, vomiting, diarrhea
What is the treatment for hypovolemic hypernatremia? -
ANSWERFluid
What are the causes of hypervolemic hypernatremia? -
ANSWERIntake of hypertonic fluids
What is the treatment of hypervolemic hypernatremia? -
ANSWERDiuresis
What are the causes of isovolemic hypernatremia? -
ANSWERDiabetes insipidus
