NCLEX-RN EXAM REVIEW Exam 2025–2026
Accurate Real Exam Questions and Verified
Correct Answers JUST RELEASED
When an opioid is prescribed in combination with a nonopioid analgesic, such as
acetaminophen or a NSAID, what should you monitor? - answer>>>The daily dose
Name 5 non-invasive non-pharmacological pain relief techniques (1st choice of pain relief)
- answer>>>Ten's
heat and cold application
message therapy
relaxation techniques
guided imagery
biofeedback techniques
Name 3 Invasive non-pharmacological pain relief techniques. - answer>>>Nerve blocks
Interruption of neural pathways
Acupuncture
What can cause fluid volume excess? - answer>>>CHF (most common)
Renal failure
cirrhosis
overhydration
What are the symptoms of fluid volume excess? - answer>>>Peripheral edema
periorbital edema
elevated BP
dyspnea
ALOC
What may be some Lab findings r/t fld volume excess - answer>>>Everything will be
decreased
Decreased: BUN, Hgb/Hct, serum osmolality, urine specific gravity and electrolytes
,How would you treat fluid volume excess? - answer>>>Give Diuretics (Lasix), fluid
restrictions, weigh daily, monitor K+
What can cause a fluid volume deficit - answer>>>Inadequate fluid intake
hemorrhage
vomiting or diarrhea
massive edema
What are some symptoms of fluid volume deficit - answer>>>weight loss
oliguria (not enough urine)
postural hypotension
What lab findings may be present with a fluid volume deficit? - answer>>>Increased BUN
Increased or normal creatinine
Increased H/H
Increased urine specific gravity
How do you treat fluid volume deficits? - answer>>>Strict I&O
Replace with isotonic fluids
monitor Bp
weight daily
What is most important to remember about intracellular electrolyte balance? -
answer>>>That potassium K+ maintains osmotic pressure and if K+ is not in balance it may
be life threatening.
What is most important to remember about extracellular electrolyte balance? -
answer>>>That sodium Na+ maintains most abundant osmotic pressure. When either the
ECF or the ICF changes in concentration, fluid shifts from the area of lesser concentration
to the area of greater concentration.
What is Hyponatremia? Symptoms? and How should you treat it -
answer>>>Hyponatremia is a sodium (Na+) level less than 135 mEq/L, it creates
Neuro/confusion and muscle cramps. Check blood pressure often, restrict fluids, and be
cautious with IV fluid replacement.
, What is Hypernatremia? What symptoms might you see? How should you treat it? -
answer>>>Na+ greater than 145 mEq/L
May see:
Pulmonary edema
Neuro: seizures, thirst, fever.
Do Not Use Ivs that contain sodium
Restrict sodium diet
Weigh daily
What is Important to remember about Hypokalemia - answer>>>Hypokalemia is a K+ level
less than 3.5 mEq/L. Affects the cardiac system: The patient may exhibit a rapid, thready
pulse, flat T waves, fatigue, anorexia, and muscle cramps. Give IV potassium supplements
with a max flow rate of 20 meq/hr. Encourage foods high in K+ (bananas, oranges,
spinach, potatoes, milk, strawberries, apricots)
What is Hyperkalemia, what might you see with the patient and how do you treat it? -
answer>>>Hyperkalemia is a K+ level greater than 5 mEq/L
You may see tall, tented T waves, bradycardia, muscle weakness.
Treatment may include:
- 10%-20% glucose with regular insulin
- Kayexalate
- renal dialysis may be required
What is Hypocalcemia, What might the patient exhibit? How will you treat it? -
answer>>>Hypocalcemia is a Ca2+ level of less than 8.5 meq/L
It affects the muscles: You may see a + Trousseau's sign, + Chvostek's sign, diarrhea,
numbness, and convulsions.
Treatment may include: calcium supplements and vitamin D to absorb. If giving IV
calcium, give it slowly. Teach patient to increase dietary calcium.
How do you test for the Chvostek sign and what happens if there is a positive response? -
answer>>>Elicitation: Tapping on the face at a point just anterior
to the ear and just below the zygomatic bone
Postitive response: Twitching of the ipsilateral facial
muscles, suggestive of neuromuscular excitability
caused by hypocalcemia
Accurate Real Exam Questions and Verified
Correct Answers JUST RELEASED
When an opioid is prescribed in combination with a nonopioid analgesic, such as
acetaminophen or a NSAID, what should you monitor? - answer>>>The daily dose
Name 5 non-invasive non-pharmacological pain relief techniques (1st choice of pain relief)
- answer>>>Ten's
heat and cold application
message therapy
relaxation techniques
guided imagery
biofeedback techniques
Name 3 Invasive non-pharmacological pain relief techniques. - answer>>>Nerve blocks
Interruption of neural pathways
Acupuncture
What can cause fluid volume excess? - answer>>>CHF (most common)
Renal failure
cirrhosis
overhydration
What are the symptoms of fluid volume excess? - answer>>>Peripheral edema
periorbital edema
elevated BP
dyspnea
ALOC
What may be some Lab findings r/t fld volume excess - answer>>>Everything will be
decreased
Decreased: BUN, Hgb/Hct, serum osmolality, urine specific gravity and electrolytes
,How would you treat fluid volume excess? - answer>>>Give Diuretics (Lasix), fluid
restrictions, weigh daily, monitor K+
What can cause a fluid volume deficit - answer>>>Inadequate fluid intake
hemorrhage
vomiting or diarrhea
massive edema
What are some symptoms of fluid volume deficit - answer>>>weight loss
oliguria (not enough urine)
postural hypotension
What lab findings may be present with a fluid volume deficit? - answer>>>Increased BUN
Increased or normal creatinine
Increased H/H
Increased urine specific gravity
How do you treat fluid volume deficits? - answer>>>Strict I&O
Replace with isotonic fluids
monitor Bp
weight daily
What is most important to remember about intracellular electrolyte balance? -
answer>>>That potassium K+ maintains osmotic pressure and if K+ is not in balance it may
be life threatening.
What is most important to remember about extracellular electrolyte balance? -
answer>>>That sodium Na+ maintains most abundant osmotic pressure. When either the
ECF or the ICF changes in concentration, fluid shifts from the area of lesser concentration
to the area of greater concentration.
What is Hyponatremia? Symptoms? and How should you treat it -
answer>>>Hyponatremia is a sodium (Na+) level less than 135 mEq/L, it creates
Neuro/confusion and muscle cramps. Check blood pressure often, restrict fluids, and be
cautious with IV fluid replacement.
, What is Hypernatremia? What symptoms might you see? How should you treat it? -
answer>>>Na+ greater than 145 mEq/L
May see:
Pulmonary edema
Neuro: seizures, thirst, fever.
Do Not Use Ivs that contain sodium
Restrict sodium diet
Weigh daily
What is Important to remember about Hypokalemia - answer>>>Hypokalemia is a K+ level
less than 3.5 mEq/L. Affects the cardiac system: The patient may exhibit a rapid, thready
pulse, flat T waves, fatigue, anorexia, and muscle cramps. Give IV potassium supplements
with a max flow rate of 20 meq/hr. Encourage foods high in K+ (bananas, oranges,
spinach, potatoes, milk, strawberries, apricots)
What is Hyperkalemia, what might you see with the patient and how do you treat it? -
answer>>>Hyperkalemia is a K+ level greater than 5 mEq/L
You may see tall, tented T waves, bradycardia, muscle weakness.
Treatment may include:
- 10%-20% glucose with regular insulin
- Kayexalate
- renal dialysis may be required
What is Hypocalcemia, What might the patient exhibit? How will you treat it? -
answer>>>Hypocalcemia is a Ca2+ level of less than 8.5 meq/L
It affects the muscles: You may see a + Trousseau's sign, + Chvostek's sign, diarrhea,
numbness, and convulsions.
Treatment may include: calcium supplements and vitamin D to absorb. If giving IV
calcium, give it slowly. Teach patient to increase dietary calcium.
How do you test for the Chvostek sign and what happens if there is a positive response? -
answer>>>Elicitation: Tapping on the face at a point just anterior
to the ear and just below the zygomatic bone
Postitive response: Twitching of the ipsilateral facial
muscles, suggestive of neuromuscular excitability
caused by hypocalcemia
