NYSDEC PESTICIDE APPLICATORS COMPREHENSIVE
2025/2026 ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Multiple Choice:
Which dry/solid formulation is mixed in water and reduces the risk of inhalation
exposure during mixing and loading?
A. Soluble powder (SP).
B. Water-dispersible granule (WDG) or dry flowable (DF).
C. Wettable powder (WP). - ✔✔B. Water-dispersible granule (WDG) or dry flowable
(DF).
✔✔Multiple Choice:
Which type of dry/solid pesticide formulation consists of particles that are the same
weight and shape?
A. Bait.
B. Granule.
C. Pellet - ✔✔C. Pellet
✔✔Multiple Choice:
Which is an advantage of microencapsulated materials?
A. Delayed or slow release of the active ingredient prolongs their effectiveness.
B. Their pesticidal activity is independent of weather conditions.
C. They usually require only short restricted-entry intervals. - ✔✔A. Delayed or slow
release of the active ingredient prolongs their effectiveness
✔✔Multiple Choice:
Which type of adjuvant functions as a wetting agent and spreader (i.e, physically
altering the surface tension of spray droplets)?
A. Buffer.
B. Extender.
C. Surfactant. - ✔✔C. Surfactant
✔✔Multiple Choice:
Which type of adjuvant increases the viscosity of spray mixtures?
A. Sticker.
B. Extender.
C. Thickener. - ✔✔C. Thickener.
✔✔Emulsifiable Concentrate - ✔✔Usually contains an oil-soluble liquid active
ingredient, one or more petroleum based solvents, and a mixing agent which allows it to
be mixed with water to form an emulsion.
✔✔Advantages of Emulsifiable Concentrate - ✔✔1. Easy to handle, transport, and
store.
, 2. Easy to pour and measure.
3. Little agitation required.
4. Not abrasive.
5. Won't plug screens or nozzles.
6. Little residue on treated surfaces.
✔✔Disdvantages of Emulsifiable Concentrate - ✔✔1. High concentrations easy to
miscalculate.
2. May cause phytotoxicity.
3. Easily absorbed through skin.
4. Spills difficult to clean up.
5. Strong odor.
6. Deterioration of equipment.
7. Pitting or discoloration to finished surfaces.
8. Flammable
9. Corrosive
✔✔Local Effects - ✔✔Occur to area of contact around skin, eyes, or respiratory tract,
also known as contact systems.
✔✔Systemic Effects - ✔✔Occur once substance is absorbed and distributed throughout
the body. May be acute or chronic.
✔✔Examples of Local or Contact Symptoms - ✔✔1. Skin Irritation.
2. Eye Irritation and injury.
3. NMT Irritation and injury.
✔✔Many _____ And ______ cause dermatitis. - ✔✔Herbicides and Fungicides
✔✔Fumigants can cause severe _____ - ✔✔Blisters
✔✔Examples of Systemic Effects - ✔✔1. Cholinesterase inhibition or neuropathies.
2. Blood clotting impairment.
3. Cancers.
4. Reproductive issues.
5. Impaired metabolism.
6. Hormonal Effects.
7. Damage to various organ systems such as liver or kidney.
✔✔Acute Toxicity - ✔✔Injury or illness produced from a single exposure.
✔✔Common Measures of the Degree of Acute Toxicity - ✔✔LD50 and LC50
✔✔Chronic Toxicity - ✔✔Ability of small amounts of pesticide from repeated, prolonged
exposure to cause injury or illness.
2025/2026 ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Multiple Choice:
Which dry/solid formulation is mixed in water and reduces the risk of inhalation
exposure during mixing and loading?
A. Soluble powder (SP).
B. Water-dispersible granule (WDG) or dry flowable (DF).
C. Wettable powder (WP). - ✔✔B. Water-dispersible granule (WDG) or dry flowable
(DF).
✔✔Multiple Choice:
Which type of dry/solid pesticide formulation consists of particles that are the same
weight and shape?
A. Bait.
B. Granule.
C. Pellet - ✔✔C. Pellet
✔✔Multiple Choice:
Which is an advantage of microencapsulated materials?
A. Delayed or slow release of the active ingredient prolongs their effectiveness.
B. Their pesticidal activity is independent of weather conditions.
C. They usually require only short restricted-entry intervals. - ✔✔A. Delayed or slow
release of the active ingredient prolongs their effectiveness
✔✔Multiple Choice:
Which type of adjuvant functions as a wetting agent and spreader (i.e, physically
altering the surface tension of spray droplets)?
A. Buffer.
B. Extender.
C. Surfactant. - ✔✔C. Surfactant
✔✔Multiple Choice:
Which type of adjuvant increases the viscosity of spray mixtures?
A. Sticker.
B. Extender.
C. Thickener. - ✔✔C. Thickener.
✔✔Emulsifiable Concentrate - ✔✔Usually contains an oil-soluble liquid active
ingredient, one or more petroleum based solvents, and a mixing agent which allows it to
be mixed with water to form an emulsion.
✔✔Advantages of Emulsifiable Concentrate - ✔✔1. Easy to handle, transport, and
store.
, 2. Easy to pour and measure.
3. Little agitation required.
4. Not abrasive.
5. Won't plug screens or nozzles.
6. Little residue on treated surfaces.
✔✔Disdvantages of Emulsifiable Concentrate - ✔✔1. High concentrations easy to
miscalculate.
2. May cause phytotoxicity.
3. Easily absorbed through skin.
4. Spills difficult to clean up.
5. Strong odor.
6. Deterioration of equipment.
7. Pitting or discoloration to finished surfaces.
8. Flammable
9. Corrosive
✔✔Local Effects - ✔✔Occur to area of contact around skin, eyes, or respiratory tract,
also known as contact systems.
✔✔Systemic Effects - ✔✔Occur once substance is absorbed and distributed throughout
the body. May be acute or chronic.
✔✔Examples of Local or Contact Symptoms - ✔✔1. Skin Irritation.
2. Eye Irritation and injury.
3. NMT Irritation and injury.
✔✔Many _____ And ______ cause dermatitis. - ✔✔Herbicides and Fungicides
✔✔Fumigants can cause severe _____ - ✔✔Blisters
✔✔Examples of Systemic Effects - ✔✔1. Cholinesterase inhibition or neuropathies.
2. Blood clotting impairment.
3. Cancers.
4. Reproductive issues.
5. Impaired metabolism.
6. Hormonal Effects.
7. Damage to various organ systems such as liver or kidney.
✔✔Acute Toxicity - ✔✔Injury or illness produced from a single exposure.
✔✔Common Measures of the Degree of Acute Toxicity - ✔✔LD50 and LC50
✔✔Chronic Toxicity - ✔✔Ability of small amounts of pesticide from repeated, prolonged
exposure to cause injury or illness.
