NAS 2 CHALLENGE EXAMS SCRIPT 2025/2026 ANSWERS
AND QUESTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔wrist (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔carpal
✔✔elbow (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔cubital
✔✔fingers/toes (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔digital
✔✔Hand (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔manual
✔✔palm (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔palmar
✔✔shin/front lower leg (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔crural
✔✔thigh (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔femoral
✔✔front of the knee (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔patellar
✔✔foot (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔pedal
✔✔arch of foot (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔plantar
✔✔back of knee (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔popliteal
✔✔calf/back of lower leg (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔sural
✔✔ankle (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔tarsal
✔✔anterior or ventral - ✔✔Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body.
The toes are anterior to the foot.
✔✔Posterior (or dorsal) - ✔✔Describes the back or direction toward the back of the
body. The popliteus is posterior to the patella.
✔✔Superior (or cranial) - ✔✔describes a position above or higher than another part of
the body proper. The orbits are superior to the oris.
✔✔Inferior (or caudal) - ✔✔describes a position below or lower than another part of the
body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal
column). The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen.
✔✔Lateral - ✔✔describes the side or direction toward the side of the body. The thumb
(pollex) is lateral to the digits.
, ✔✔Medial - ✔✔describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body. The
hallux is the medial toe.
✔✔Proximal - ✔✔describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment
or the trunk of the body. The brachium is proximal to the antebrachium.
✔✔Distal - ✔✔describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment
or the trunk of the body. The crus is distal to the femur.
✔✔Superficial - ✔✔describes a position closer to the surface of the body. The skin is
superficial to the bones.
✔✔Deep - ✔✔describes a position farther from the surface of the body. The brain is
deep to the skull.
✔✔sagittal plane - ✔✔plane that divides the body vertically or an organ vertically into
right/left sides.
✔✔Frontal Plane - ✔✔plane that divides the body or organ into an anterior (front)
portion and a posterior (rear) portion. AKA coronal plane - latin for "crown" Cuts across
separating back from chest.
✔✔Transverse Plane - ✔✔plane that divides the body or organ horizontally into upper
and lower portions. Produces images called cross sections. Cuts in the middle of the
torso.
✔✔What are the 2 major body cavities? - ✔✔dorsal and ventral
✔✔Name the contents of the dorsal cavity? - ✔✔Cranial cavity - brain
Spinal cavity (vertebral cavity) - spinal cord
✔✔Name the contents of the ventral cavity? - ✔✔Thoracic cavity - lungs, heart
(diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavity)
Abdominal cavity - small/large intestine, stomach
Pelvic cavity - sex organs, bladder, rectum
✔✔List the 11 human organ systems - ✔✔What do these have in common?
skeletal, muscular, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, nervous, endocrine,
reproductive, urinary, lymphatic, integumentary
✔✔Potential energy - ✔✔the energy an object has because of its relative position,
composition, or condition. (stored energy - ex. Battery, gasoline)
AND QUESTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔wrist (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔carpal
✔✔elbow (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔cubital
✔✔fingers/toes (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔digital
✔✔Hand (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔manual
✔✔palm (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔palmar
✔✔shin/front lower leg (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔crural
✔✔thigh (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔femoral
✔✔front of the knee (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔patellar
✔✔foot (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔pedal
✔✔arch of foot (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔plantar
✔✔back of knee (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔popliteal
✔✔calf/back of lower leg (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔sural
✔✔ankle (Appendicular Region) - ✔✔tarsal
✔✔anterior or ventral - ✔✔Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body.
The toes are anterior to the foot.
✔✔Posterior (or dorsal) - ✔✔Describes the back or direction toward the back of the
body. The popliteus is posterior to the patella.
✔✔Superior (or cranial) - ✔✔describes a position above or higher than another part of
the body proper. The orbits are superior to the oris.
✔✔Inferior (or caudal) - ✔✔describes a position below or lower than another part of the
body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal
column). The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen.
✔✔Lateral - ✔✔describes the side or direction toward the side of the body. The thumb
(pollex) is lateral to the digits.
, ✔✔Medial - ✔✔describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body. The
hallux is the medial toe.
✔✔Proximal - ✔✔describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment
or the trunk of the body. The brachium is proximal to the antebrachium.
✔✔Distal - ✔✔describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment
or the trunk of the body. The crus is distal to the femur.
✔✔Superficial - ✔✔describes a position closer to the surface of the body. The skin is
superficial to the bones.
✔✔Deep - ✔✔describes a position farther from the surface of the body. The brain is
deep to the skull.
✔✔sagittal plane - ✔✔plane that divides the body vertically or an organ vertically into
right/left sides.
✔✔Frontal Plane - ✔✔plane that divides the body or organ into an anterior (front)
portion and a posterior (rear) portion. AKA coronal plane - latin for "crown" Cuts across
separating back from chest.
✔✔Transverse Plane - ✔✔plane that divides the body or organ horizontally into upper
and lower portions. Produces images called cross sections. Cuts in the middle of the
torso.
✔✔What are the 2 major body cavities? - ✔✔dorsal and ventral
✔✔Name the contents of the dorsal cavity? - ✔✔Cranial cavity - brain
Spinal cavity (vertebral cavity) - spinal cord
✔✔Name the contents of the ventral cavity? - ✔✔Thoracic cavity - lungs, heart
(diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavity)
Abdominal cavity - small/large intestine, stomach
Pelvic cavity - sex organs, bladder, rectum
✔✔List the 11 human organ systems - ✔✔What do these have in common?
skeletal, muscular, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, nervous, endocrine,
reproductive, urinary, lymphatic, integumentary
✔✔Potential energy - ✔✔the energy an object has because of its relative position,
composition, or condition. (stored energy - ex. Battery, gasoline)
