NAS 2 CHALLENGE 2025/2026 ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS
GRADED A+
✔✔net movement - isotonic - ✔✔solute concentrations are the same on both sides so
water moves equally on both sides
✔✔stages of the cell cycle - ✔✔G1 (Growth)
S (DNA Synthesis
G2 (Growth + mitosis prep)
M (Mitosis - Cell division)
✔✔mitosis - ✔✔2 daughter cells each having same amount + kind of chromosomes as
parent nucleus
✔✔chromatin - ✔✔chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are made of this
✔✔centrioles - ✔✔involved in organization of mitotic spindle and completion of
cytokinesis
✔✔mitotic spindle - ✔✔segregates chromosomes to two daughter cells during mitosis
✔✔cleavage furrow - ✔✔the indentation of the cell's surface that begins the progression
of cleavage, by which animal and some algal cells undergo cytokinesis, the final splitting
of the membrane, in the process of cell division.
✔✔cytokinesis - ✔✔cytoplasmic divison of a cell at the end of mitosis
✔✔gene - ✔✔A sequence of nucleotides composing a segment of DNA that provides a
blueprint for a specific hereditary trait.
✔✔DNA - ✔✔A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the
chromosomes.
✔✔RNA - ✔✔single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
✔✔transcription - ✔✔process in which info in a strand of DNA is copied to a new
molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA)
✔✔translation - ✔✔process in which ribosomes in cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum
synthesize proteins after the process transcription of RNA to DNA in the cells nucleus
✔✔How to calculate total magnification - ✔✔take the power of the objective (4X, 10X,
40x) and multiply by the power of the eyepiece, usually 10X.
GRADED A+
✔✔net movement - isotonic - ✔✔solute concentrations are the same on both sides so
water moves equally on both sides
✔✔stages of the cell cycle - ✔✔G1 (Growth)
S (DNA Synthesis
G2 (Growth + mitosis prep)
M (Mitosis - Cell division)
✔✔mitosis - ✔✔2 daughter cells each having same amount + kind of chromosomes as
parent nucleus
✔✔chromatin - ✔✔chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are made of this
✔✔centrioles - ✔✔involved in organization of mitotic spindle and completion of
cytokinesis
✔✔mitotic spindle - ✔✔segregates chromosomes to two daughter cells during mitosis
✔✔cleavage furrow - ✔✔the indentation of the cell's surface that begins the progression
of cleavage, by which animal and some algal cells undergo cytokinesis, the final splitting
of the membrane, in the process of cell division.
✔✔cytokinesis - ✔✔cytoplasmic divison of a cell at the end of mitosis
✔✔gene - ✔✔A sequence of nucleotides composing a segment of DNA that provides a
blueprint for a specific hereditary trait.
✔✔DNA - ✔✔A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the
chromosomes.
✔✔RNA - ✔✔single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
✔✔transcription - ✔✔process in which info in a strand of DNA is copied to a new
molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA)
✔✔translation - ✔✔process in which ribosomes in cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum
synthesize proteins after the process transcription of RNA to DNA in the cells nucleus
✔✔How to calculate total magnification - ✔✔take the power of the objective (4X, 10X,
40x) and multiply by the power of the eyepiece, usually 10X.
