,
,
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01
from future bites of the same species?
ANSWER: In the short-term, probably, as the serum contains protective antibodies against the venom. In the
long-term, no, as serum treatment is a form of passive immunity. Passive immunity does not
generate long-lived memory cells.
12. Provide one common feature of and two differences between B-cell receptors and PRRs.
ANSWER: A common feature is that they both are used to recognize foreign antigens. A B-cell receptor is more
selective than a PRR. The DNA that encodes for a PRR in an individual is inherited. The DNA that
encodes for a mature B-cell receptor from an individual is not passed on to offspring.
13. Given that an important function of the immune system is to both recognize and dispose of cancerous cells,
postulate why tumors can be established in a human host.
ANSWER: There are two primary reasons. First, cancerous cells are self-originating, thus self-tolerance
mechanisms can inhibit the development of an effective immune response. Second, as is common
with some pathogens, genetic variability within a population of cancer cells gives them an
advantage in terms of evading the immune response.
14. The hygiene hypothesis posits that there is a connection between environmental conditions and certain
inappropriate immune responses. If you were a supporter of the hygiene hypothesis, what recommendations
would you make to keep people healthier?
ANSWER: Expose children to more common antigens found in dirt and in the outdoors. Reduce use of
antimicrobials.
15. Which is the BEST definition of "immunity"?
a. The state of having been exposed to a pathogen repeatedly
b. The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen
c. When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen
d. When the immune system is activated
e. When physical barriers are not enough to prevent infection
ANSWER: b
16. What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated?
a. It becomes more dangerous to the host.
b. It gets smaller.
c. It has weakened virulence.
d. It becomes older.
e. All of the answers are correct.
ANSWER: c
17. Which of the following advances can be credited to progress made in our understanding of immunology?
a. Smallpox eradication
b. Treatment of asthma
c. Ability to transplant human organs
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,
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01
from future bites of the same species?
ANSWER: In the short-term, probably, as the serum contains protective antibodies against the venom. In the
long-term, no, as serum treatment is a form of passive immunity. Passive immunity does not
generate long-lived memory cells.
12. Provide one common feature of and two differences between B-cell receptors and PRRs.
ANSWER: A common feature is that they both are used to recognize foreign antigens. A B-cell receptor is more
selective than a PRR. The DNA that encodes for a PRR in an individual is inherited. The DNA that
encodes for a mature B-cell receptor from an individual is not passed on to offspring.
13. Given that an important function of the immune system is to both recognize and dispose of cancerous cells,
postulate why tumors can be established in a human host.
ANSWER: There are two primary reasons. First, cancerous cells are self-originating, thus self-tolerance
mechanisms can inhibit the development of an effective immune response. Second, as is common
with some pathogens, genetic variability within a population of cancer cells gives them an
advantage in terms of evading the immune response.
14. The hygiene hypothesis posits that there is a connection between environmental conditions and certain
inappropriate immune responses. If you were a supporter of the hygiene hypothesis, what recommendations
would you make to keep people healthier?
ANSWER: Expose children to more common antigens found in dirt and in the outdoors. Reduce use of
antimicrobials.
15. Which is the BEST definition of "immunity"?
a. The state of having been exposed to a pathogen repeatedly
b. The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen
c. When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen
d. When the immune system is activated
e. When physical barriers are not enough to prevent infection
ANSWER: b
16. What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated?
a. It becomes more dangerous to the host.
b. It gets smaller.
c. It has weakened virulence.
d. It becomes older.
e. All of the answers are correct.
ANSWER: c
17. Which of the following advances can be credited to progress made in our understanding of immunology?
a. Smallpox eradication
b. Treatment of asthma
c. Ability to transplant human organs
Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
