TEST BANK FOR
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
Chapter 1-27
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
MULTIPLE70CHOICE
1. The70―father‖70of70immunology70is70generally70considered70to70be
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS:7 0 B
Louis70Pasteur70is70generally70considered70to70be70the70―father70of70immunology.‖
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
2. An70early70form70of70immunization70was70practiced70by70the
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native70Americans.
ANS:7 0 C
Beginning70about70100070AD,70the70Chinese70practiced70a70form70of70immunization70by70inhali
ng70dried70powders70derived70from70the70crusts70of70smallpox70lesions.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
3. A70specific70function70of70the70immune70system70is70to
a. recognize70self70from70nonself.
b. defend70the70body70against70nonself.
c. amplify70specific70functions.
d. Both70A70and70B.
ANS:7 0 D
The70function70of70the70immune70system70is70to70recognize70self70from70nonself70and70defend70
the70body70against70nonself.70Such70a70system70is70necessary70for70survival.70The70immune70sy
stem70also70has70nonspecific70effector70mechanisms70that70usually70amplify70the70specific70fun
ctions.70Nonspecific70components70of70the70immune70system70include70mononuclear70phagocy
tes,70polymorphonuclear70leukocytes,70and70soluble70factors70(e.g.,70complement).
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
4. An70undesirable70consequence70of70immunity70is
a. natural70resistance.
b. acquired70resistance70to70infectious70diseases.
PlusBay.Plus
, c. an70autoimmune70disorder.
d. recovery70from70infectious70disease.
ANS:7 0 C
The70desirable70consequences70of70immunity70include70natural70resistance,70recovery,70and70ac
quired70resistance70to70infectious70diseases.70A70deficiency70or70dysfunction70of70the70immune7
0system70can70cause70many70disorders.70Undesirable70consequences70of70immunity70include70a
llergy,70rejection70of70a70transplanted70organ,70or70an70autoimmune70disorder.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
5. The70immune70system70has70various70distinctive70characteristics70except;
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation70among70different70cells.
ANS:7 0 D
The70immune70system70is70composed70of70a70large,70complex70set70of70widely70distributed70ele
ments,70with70the70distinctive70characteristics70of70specificity,70memory,70mobility,70replicabil
ity,70and70cooperation70among70different70cells70or70cellular70products.70Specificity70and70me
mory70are70characteristics70of70lymphocytes70in70the70immune70system.70Nonspecific70element
s70of70the70immune70system70demonstrate70mobility.70In70addition,70specific70and70nonspecific7
0cellular70components70of70the70immune70system70can70replicate.70Cooperation70is70required70f
or70optimal70functioning,70and70interaction70involves70specific70cellular70elements,70cell70prod
ucts,70and70nonlymphoid70elements.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
6. Hematopoiesis70occurs70in70the70yolk70sac70during70the
a. immediate70hours70after70conception
b. second70month70of70gestation.
c. second70trimester70of70gestation.
d. periods70of70severe70anemia70in70children.
ANS:7 0 A
The70sites70of70blood70cell70development,70or70hematopoiesis,70follow70a70definite70sequence70
in70the70embryo70and70fetus.70Hematopoiesis70occurs70in70the70yolk70sac70during70the70second70
month70of70gestation.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70II
7. The70sequence70of70blood70cell70development70in70the70embryo70and70fetus70is
a. yolk70sac,70liver-spleen,70bone70marrow.
b. yolk70sac,70bone70marrow,70liver/spleen.
c. liver-spleen,70yolk70sac,70bone70marrow.
d. bone70marrow,70liver-spleen,70yolk70sac.
ANS:7 0 A
PlusBay.Plus
, The70first70blood70cells70are70primitive70red70blood70cells70(erythroblasts;70RBCs)70formed70in
70the70islets70of70the70yolk70sac70during70the70first70270to70870weeks70of70life.70Gradually,70the7
0liver70and70spleen70replace70the70yolk70sac70as70the70sites70of70blood70cell70development.70B
y70the70second70month70of70gestation,70the70liver70becomes70the70major70site70of70hematopoie
sis,70and70granular70types70of70leukocytes70have70made70their70initial70appearance.70The70live
r70and70spleen70predominate70from70about70270to70570months70of70fetal70life.70In70the70fourth70
month70of70gestation,70bone70marrow70begins70to70produce70blood70cells.70After70the70fifth70fe
tal70month,70bone70marrow70begins70to70assume70its70ultimate70role70as70the70primary70site70o
f70hematopoiesis.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70II
8. The70primary70function70of70mature70neutrophils70is
a. to70reduce70inflammation.
b. to70lyse70parasites70in70the70circulatory70system.
c. antigen70recognition.
d. phagocytosis.
ANS:7 0 D
Various70phagocytic70cells70continually70circulate70throughout70the70blood,70lymph,70gastroint
estinal70system,70and70respiratory70tract.70When70trauma70occurs,70the70neutrophils70arrive70at7
0the70site70of70injury70and70can70be70found70in70the70initial70exudate70in70less70than70170hour.70
Monocytes70are70slower70in70moving70to70the70inflammatory70site.70Macrophages70resident70in
70the70tissues70of70the70body70are70already70in70place70to70deal70with70an70intruding70agent.70Ad
ditional70macrophages70from70the70bone70marrow70and70other70tissues70can70be70released70in70s
evere70infections.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70II
9. Primary70granules,70or70azurophilic70granules,70in70neutrophils70contain
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both70A70and70B.
ANS:7 0 D
Granules70in70the70phagocyte70cytosol70contain70degradatory70enzymes70of70three70types
1. Primary,70or70azurophilic,70granules70containing70enzymes70(e.g.,70lys
ozyme,70myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary,70or70specific,70granules70containing70substances70such70as70lactoferrin.
3. Tertiary70granules70containing70substances70such70as70caspases
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
10. The70origin70of70a70condition70when70eosinophils70are70increased70in70the70circulating70blood7
0is70associated70with:
a. fungus
b. parasitic70amoeba
c. allergic70reactions
d. bacteria
ANS:7 0 C
PlusBay.Plus
, An70increase70in70eosinophils70is70associated70with70a70wide70variety70of70conditions,70but70es
pecially70with70allergic70reactions,70drug70reactions,70certain70skin70disorders,70parasitic70infe
stations,70collagen70vascular70diseases,70Hodgkin70disease,70and70myeloproliferative70disease
s.
A70functional70property70related70to70the70membrane70receptors70of70the70eosinophil70is70the70
cell’s70ability70to70interact70with70the70larval70stages70of70some70helminth70parasites70and70da
mage70them70by70oxidative70mechanisms.70Certain70proteins70released70from70eosinophilic70
granules70damage70antibody-
coated70Schistosoma70parasites70and70may70account70for70damage70to70endothelial70cells70in7
0hypereosinophilic70syndromes.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
11. A70basophil70degranulates70in70a(n)
a. inflammatory70reaction.
b. immediate70(acute)70hypersensitivity70reaction.
c. chronic70tissue70rejection.
d. Both70A70and70B.
ANS:7 0 B
Basophils70have70high70concentrations70of70heparin70and70histamine70in70their70granules.70If70
events70are70triggered70by70antigens70from70pollen,70food,70drugs,70or70insect70venom,70the70r
esult70is70an70immediate70hypersensitivity70reaction.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70II
12. Mononuclear70cells70are70effective70phagocytic70cells70against
a. staphylococci.
b. streptococci.
c. Mycobacterium70tuberculosis.
d. pneumonia.
ANS:7 0 C
Mononuclear70cells70are70particularly70effective70as70phagocytic70cells70because70of70the70larg
e70amounts70of70lipase70in70their70cytoplasm.70Lipase70is70able70to70attack70bacteria70with70a7
0lipid70capsule,70such70as70Mycobacterium70tuberculosis.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
13. Macrophages
a. process70antigens.
b. physically70present70biologically70modified70antigens70to70lymphocytes.
c. secrete70a70lymphocyte-activating70factor70(IL-
1)70as70a70result70of70proper70MHC70recognition.
d. All70of70the70above.
ANS:7 0 D
The70phagocytic70property70of70the70macrophage70is70particularly70important70in70the70processi
ng70of70antigens70as70part70of70the70immune70response.70Macrophages70are70believed70to70proce
ss70antigens70and70physically70present70this70biochemically70modified70and70more70reactive70f
orm70of70antigen70to70lymphocytes70(particularly70T70helper70cells)70as70an70initial70step70in70t
he70immune70response.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70II
PlusBay.Plus
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
Chapter 1-27
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
MULTIPLE70CHOICE
1. The70―father‖70of70immunology70is70generally70considered70to70be
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS:7 0 B
Louis70Pasteur70is70generally70considered70to70be70the70―father70of70immunology.‖
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
2. An70early70form70of70immunization70was70practiced70by70the
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native70Americans.
ANS:7 0 C
Beginning70about70100070AD,70the70Chinese70practiced70a70form70of70immunization70by70inhali
ng70dried70powders70derived70from70the70crusts70of70smallpox70lesions.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
3. A70specific70function70of70the70immune70system70is70to
a. recognize70self70from70nonself.
b. defend70the70body70against70nonself.
c. amplify70specific70functions.
d. Both70A70and70B.
ANS:7 0 D
The70function70of70the70immune70system70is70to70recognize70self70from70nonself70and70defend70
the70body70against70nonself.70Such70a70system70is70necessary70for70survival.70The70immune70sy
stem70also70has70nonspecific70effector70mechanisms70that70usually70amplify70the70specific70fun
ctions.70Nonspecific70components70of70the70immune70system70include70mononuclear70phagocy
tes,70polymorphonuclear70leukocytes,70and70soluble70factors70(e.g.,70complement).
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
4. An70undesirable70consequence70of70immunity70is
a. natural70resistance.
b. acquired70resistance70to70infectious70diseases.
PlusBay.Plus
, c. an70autoimmune70disorder.
d. recovery70from70infectious70disease.
ANS:7 0 C
The70desirable70consequences70of70immunity70include70natural70resistance,70recovery,70and70ac
quired70resistance70to70infectious70diseases.70A70deficiency70or70dysfunction70of70the70immune7
0system70can70cause70many70disorders.70Undesirable70consequences70of70immunity70include70a
llergy,70rejection70of70a70transplanted70organ,70or70an70autoimmune70disorder.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
5. The70immune70system70has70various70distinctive70characteristics70except;
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation70among70different70cells.
ANS:7 0 D
The70immune70system70is70composed70of70a70large,70complex70set70of70widely70distributed70ele
ments,70with70the70distinctive70characteristics70of70specificity,70memory,70mobility,70replicabil
ity,70and70cooperation70among70different70cells70or70cellular70products.70Specificity70and70me
mory70are70characteristics70of70lymphocytes70in70the70immune70system.70Nonspecific70element
s70of70the70immune70system70demonstrate70mobility.70In70addition,70specific70and70nonspecific7
0cellular70components70of70the70immune70system70can70replicate.70Cooperation70is70required70f
or70optimal70functioning,70and70interaction70involves70specific70cellular70elements,70cell70prod
ucts,70and70nonlymphoid70elements.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
6. Hematopoiesis70occurs70in70the70yolk70sac70during70the
a. immediate70hours70after70conception
b. second70month70of70gestation.
c. second70trimester70of70gestation.
d. periods70of70severe70anemia70in70children.
ANS:7 0 A
The70sites70of70blood70cell70development,70or70hematopoiesis,70follow70a70definite70sequence70
in70the70embryo70and70fetus.70Hematopoiesis70occurs70in70the70yolk70sac70during70the70second70
month70of70gestation.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70II
7. The70sequence70of70blood70cell70development70in70the70embryo70and70fetus70is
a. yolk70sac,70liver-spleen,70bone70marrow.
b. yolk70sac,70bone70marrow,70liver/spleen.
c. liver-spleen,70yolk70sac,70bone70marrow.
d. bone70marrow,70liver-spleen,70yolk70sac.
ANS:7 0 A
PlusBay.Plus
, The70first70blood70cells70are70primitive70red70blood70cells70(erythroblasts;70RBCs)70formed70in
70the70islets70of70the70yolk70sac70during70the70first70270to70870weeks70of70life.70Gradually,70the7
0liver70and70spleen70replace70the70yolk70sac70as70the70sites70of70blood70cell70development.70B
y70the70second70month70of70gestation,70the70liver70becomes70the70major70site70of70hematopoie
sis,70and70granular70types70of70leukocytes70have70made70their70initial70appearance.70The70live
r70and70spleen70predominate70from70about70270to70570months70of70fetal70life.70In70the70fourth70
month70of70gestation,70bone70marrow70begins70to70produce70blood70cells.70After70the70fifth70fe
tal70month,70bone70marrow70begins70to70assume70its70ultimate70role70as70the70primary70site70o
f70hematopoiesis.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70II
8. The70primary70function70of70mature70neutrophils70is
a. to70reduce70inflammation.
b. to70lyse70parasites70in70the70circulatory70system.
c. antigen70recognition.
d. phagocytosis.
ANS:7 0 D
Various70phagocytic70cells70continually70circulate70throughout70the70blood,70lymph,70gastroint
estinal70system,70and70respiratory70tract.70When70trauma70occurs,70the70neutrophils70arrive70at7
0the70site70of70injury70and70can70be70found70in70the70initial70exudate70in70less70than70170hour.70
Monocytes70are70slower70in70moving70to70the70inflammatory70site.70Macrophages70resident70in
70the70tissues70of70the70body70are70already70in70place70to70deal70with70an70intruding70agent.70Ad
ditional70macrophages70from70the70bone70marrow70and70other70tissues70can70be70released70in70s
evere70infections.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70II
9. Primary70granules,70or70azurophilic70granules,70in70neutrophils70contain
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both70A70and70B.
ANS:7 0 D
Granules70in70the70phagocyte70cytosol70contain70degradatory70enzymes70of70three70types
1. Primary,70or70azurophilic,70granules70containing70enzymes70(e.g.,70lys
ozyme,70myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary,70or70specific,70granules70containing70substances70such70as70lactoferrin.
3. Tertiary70granules70containing70substances70such70as70caspases
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
10. The70origin70of70a70condition70when70eosinophils70are70increased70in70the70circulating70blood7
0is70associated70with:
a. fungus
b. parasitic70amoeba
c. allergic70reactions
d. bacteria
ANS:7 0 C
PlusBay.Plus
, An70increase70in70eosinophils70is70associated70with70a70wide70variety70of70conditions,70but70es
pecially70with70allergic70reactions,70drug70reactions,70certain70skin70disorders,70parasitic70infe
stations,70collagen70vascular70diseases,70Hodgkin70disease,70and70myeloproliferative70disease
s.
A70functional70property70related70to70the70membrane70receptors70of70the70eosinophil70is70the70
cell’s70ability70to70interact70with70the70larval70stages70of70some70helminth70parasites70and70da
mage70them70by70oxidative70mechanisms.70Certain70proteins70released70from70eosinophilic70
granules70damage70antibody-
coated70Schistosoma70parasites70and70may70account70for70damage70to70endothelial70cells70in7
0hypereosinophilic70syndromes.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
11. A70basophil70degranulates70in70a(n)
a. inflammatory70reaction.
b. immediate70(acute)70hypersensitivity70reaction.
c. chronic70tissue70rejection.
d. Both70A70and70B.
ANS:7 0 B
Basophils70have70high70concentrations70of70heparin70and70histamine70in70their70granules.70If70
events70are70triggered70by70antigens70from70pollen,70food,70drugs,70or70insect70venom,70the70r
esult70is70an70immediate70hypersensitivity70reaction.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70II
12. Mononuclear70cells70are70effective70phagocytic70cells70against
a. staphylococci.
b. streptococci.
c. Mycobacterium70tuberculosis.
d. pneumonia.
ANS:7 0 C
Mononuclear70cells70are70particularly70effective70as70phagocytic70cells70because70of70the70larg
e70amounts70of70lipase70in70their70cytoplasm.70Lipase70is70able70to70attack70bacteria70with70a7
0lipid70capsule,70such70as70Mycobacterium70tuberculosis.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70I
13. Macrophages
a. process70antigens.
b. physically70present70biologically70modified70antigens70to70lymphocytes.
c. secrete70a70lymphocyte-activating70factor70(IL-
1)70as70a70result70of70proper70MHC70recognition.
d. All70of70the70above.
ANS:7 0 D
The70phagocytic70property70of70the70macrophage70is70particularly70important70in70the70processi
ng70of70antigens70as70part70of70the70immune70response.70Macrophages70are70believed70to70proce
ss70antigens70and70physically70present70this70biochemically70modified70and70more70reactive70f
orm70of70antigen70to70lymphocytes70(particularly70T70helper70cells)70as70an70initial70step70in70t
he70immune70response.
DIF: Cognitive70Level:70II
PlusBay.Plus
