Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231 BIOD
331 Final Exam & module 1-10 exams All Versions
2025 Latest Update Questions with Completely
Verified Answers
"Critical Rescue" assessment criteria for patients experiencing stroke/TBI to detect increased
intracranial pressure and/or hypertension - Correct Answers-*ABC's are priority (w/in 10
minutes); Neuro assessment, LOC/cognition, GCS, call rapid response
Early signs:
-headache
-N/V
-blurry vision/visual disturbances
-SOB
-seizures (also late)
-chest pressure
-change LOC
Late:
-elevated BP
-bradycardia
-cerebral vasodilation
-seizures
-cushings triad
-increased systolic, widened pulse pressure
-irregular resp
1. The student nurse studying shock understands that the common manifestations of this
condition are directly related to which problems? (Select all that apply.)
,a. Anaerobic metabolism
b. Hyperglycemia
c. Hypotension
d. Impaired renal perfusion
e. Increased perfusion - Correct Answers-a. Anaerobic metabolism
c. Hypotension
The common manifestations of shock, no matter the cause, are directly related to the effects of
anaerobic
metabolism and hypotension. Hyperglycemia, impaired renal function, and increased perfusion
are not
manifestations of shock.
1) What is the formula for MAP?
2) What's the normal?
3) What is pts MAP that has BP of 120/80?
4) What is the pts MAP that has BP of 100/65 - Correct Answers-1) MAP= (2xDBP)+SBP / 3
2) normal is 70-110, but trend!
3) 93
4) 76
A client appears dyspneic, but the oxygen saturation is 97%. What action by the nurse is best?
a. Assess for other manifestations of hypoxia.
b. Change the sensor on the pulse oximeter.
c. Obtain a new oximeter from central
supply.
d. Tell the client to take slow, deep breath - Correct Answers-a. Assess for other
manifestations of hypoxia.
,Pulse oximetry is not always the most accurate assessment tool for hypoxia as many factors can
interfere, producing normal or near-normal readings in the setting of hypoxia. The nurse should
conduct a more thorough assessment. The other actions are not appropriate for a hypoxic
client.
A client arrives in the emergency department after being in a car crash with fatalities. The client
has a nearly amputated leg that is bleeding profusely. What action by the nurse takes priority?
a. Apply direct pressure to the bleeding.
b. Ensure the client has a patent airway.
c. Obtain consent for emergency surgery.
d. Start two large-bore IV catheters. - Correct Answers-ANS: B
Airway is the priority, followed by breathing and circulation (IVs and direct pressure). Obtaining
consent is done by the physician.
A client comes to the emergency department with chest discomfort. Which action does the
nurse perform first?
a) Provides pain relief medication
b) Remains calm and stays with the client
c) Obtains the client's description of the chest discomfort
d) Administers oxygen therapy - Correct Answers-c) Obtains the client's description of the
chest discomfort
*Neither oxygen therapy nor pain medication is the first priority in this situation. An assessment
is needed first.
A client had an acute myocardial infarction. What assessment finding indicates to the nurse that
a significant complication has occurred?
a. Blood pressure that is 20 mm Hg below baseline
b. Oxygen saturation of 94% on room air
c. Poor peripheral pulses and cool skin
d. Urine output of 1.2 mL/kg/hr for 4 hours - Correct Answers-c. Poor peripheral pulses and
cool skin
, Poor peripheral pulses and cool skin may be signs of impending cardiogenic shock and should
be reported
immediately. A blood pressure drop of 20 mm Hg is not worrisome. An oxygen saturation of
94% is just
slightly below normal. A urine output of 1.2 mL/kg/hr for 4 hours is normal.
A client had an inferior wall myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse notes the clients cardiac
rhythm as sinus bradycardia. What action by the nurse is most important?
a. Assess the clients blood pressure and level of consciousness.
b. Call the health care provider or the Rapid Response Team.
c. Obtain a permit for an emergency temporary pacemaker insertion.
d. Prepare to administer antidysrhythmic medication. - Correct Answers-ANS: A
Clients with an inferior wall MI often have bradycardia and blocks that lead to decreased
perfusion, as seen in
this ECG strip showing sinus bradycardia. The nurse should first assess the clients hemodynamic
status,
including vital signs and level of consciousness. The client may or may not need the Rapid
Response Team, a
temporary pacemaker, or medication; there is no indication of this in the question.
A client has a pulmonary embolism and is started on oxygen. The student nurse asks why the
clients oxygen
saturation has not significantly improved. What response by the nurse is best?
a. Breathing so rapidly interferes with oxygenation.
b. Maybe the client has respiratory distress syndrome.
c. The blood clot interferes with perfusion in the lungs.
d. The client needs immediate intubation and mechanical
ventilation. - Correct Answers-c. The blood clot interferes with perfusion in the lungs.
331 Final Exam & module 1-10 exams All Versions
2025 Latest Update Questions with Completely
Verified Answers
"Critical Rescue" assessment criteria for patients experiencing stroke/TBI to detect increased
intracranial pressure and/or hypertension - Correct Answers-*ABC's are priority (w/in 10
minutes); Neuro assessment, LOC/cognition, GCS, call rapid response
Early signs:
-headache
-N/V
-blurry vision/visual disturbances
-SOB
-seizures (also late)
-chest pressure
-change LOC
Late:
-elevated BP
-bradycardia
-cerebral vasodilation
-seizures
-cushings triad
-increased systolic, widened pulse pressure
-irregular resp
1. The student nurse studying shock understands that the common manifestations of this
condition are directly related to which problems? (Select all that apply.)
,a. Anaerobic metabolism
b. Hyperglycemia
c. Hypotension
d. Impaired renal perfusion
e. Increased perfusion - Correct Answers-a. Anaerobic metabolism
c. Hypotension
The common manifestations of shock, no matter the cause, are directly related to the effects of
anaerobic
metabolism and hypotension. Hyperglycemia, impaired renal function, and increased perfusion
are not
manifestations of shock.
1) What is the formula for MAP?
2) What's the normal?
3) What is pts MAP that has BP of 120/80?
4) What is the pts MAP that has BP of 100/65 - Correct Answers-1) MAP= (2xDBP)+SBP / 3
2) normal is 70-110, but trend!
3) 93
4) 76
A client appears dyspneic, but the oxygen saturation is 97%. What action by the nurse is best?
a. Assess for other manifestations of hypoxia.
b. Change the sensor on the pulse oximeter.
c. Obtain a new oximeter from central
supply.
d. Tell the client to take slow, deep breath - Correct Answers-a. Assess for other
manifestations of hypoxia.
,Pulse oximetry is not always the most accurate assessment tool for hypoxia as many factors can
interfere, producing normal or near-normal readings in the setting of hypoxia. The nurse should
conduct a more thorough assessment. The other actions are not appropriate for a hypoxic
client.
A client arrives in the emergency department after being in a car crash with fatalities. The client
has a nearly amputated leg that is bleeding profusely. What action by the nurse takes priority?
a. Apply direct pressure to the bleeding.
b. Ensure the client has a patent airway.
c. Obtain consent for emergency surgery.
d. Start two large-bore IV catheters. - Correct Answers-ANS: B
Airway is the priority, followed by breathing and circulation (IVs and direct pressure). Obtaining
consent is done by the physician.
A client comes to the emergency department with chest discomfort. Which action does the
nurse perform first?
a) Provides pain relief medication
b) Remains calm and stays with the client
c) Obtains the client's description of the chest discomfort
d) Administers oxygen therapy - Correct Answers-c) Obtains the client's description of the
chest discomfort
*Neither oxygen therapy nor pain medication is the first priority in this situation. An assessment
is needed first.
A client had an acute myocardial infarction. What assessment finding indicates to the nurse that
a significant complication has occurred?
a. Blood pressure that is 20 mm Hg below baseline
b. Oxygen saturation of 94% on room air
c. Poor peripheral pulses and cool skin
d. Urine output of 1.2 mL/kg/hr for 4 hours - Correct Answers-c. Poor peripheral pulses and
cool skin
, Poor peripheral pulses and cool skin may be signs of impending cardiogenic shock and should
be reported
immediately. A blood pressure drop of 20 mm Hg is not worrisome. An oxygen saturation of
94% is just
slightly below normal. A urine output of 1.2 mL/kg/hr for 4 hours is normal.
A client had an inferior wall myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse notes the clients cardiac
rhythm as sinus bradycardia. What action by the nurse is most important?
a. Assess the clients blood pressure and level of consciousness.
b. Call the health care provider or the Rapid Response Team.
c. Obtain a permit for an emergency temporary pacemaker insertion.
d. Prepare to administer antidysrhythmic medication. - Correct Answers-ANS: A
Clients with an inferior wall MI often have bradycardia and blocks that lead to decreased
perfusion, as seen in
this ECG strip showing sinus bradycardia. The nurse should first assess the clients hemodynamic
status,
including vital signs and level of consciousness. The client may or may not need the Rapid
Response Team, a
temporary pacemaker, or medication; there is no indication of this in the question.
A client has a pulmonary embolism and is started on oxygen. The student nurse asks why the
clients oxygen
saturation has not significantly improved. What response by the nurse is best?
a. Breathing so rapidly interferes with oxygenation.
b. Maybe the client has respiratory distress syndrome.
c. The blood clot interferes with perfusion in the lungs.
d. The client needs immediate intubation and mechanical
ventilation. - Correct Answers-c. The blood clot interferes with perfusion in the lungs.
