CHAMBERLAIN NR507 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM STUDY
GUIDE|2025 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅- "Allergic
reaction"
- Mediated by IgE.
- Inflammation d/t mast cell degranulation.
- Hay fever, hives (uticaria).
- Local s/s: itching, rash.
- Systemic: wheezing.
- Severe, systemic reaction: anaphylaxis: hypotension, severe
bronchoconstriction.
- Main tx: epinephrine.
Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅- Cytotoxic
reaction; tissue specific
- Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
- Causes tissue damage or alters function
- Examples: 1) Grave's disease- example of altering thyroid function, doesn't
destroy thyroid tissue. 2) ABO incompatibility- example of cell/tissue damage;
severe transfusion reaction occurs & the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed
by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
Difference between type 2 & 3 hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅- Type 2: organ specific; antibody binds to the antigen on the cell
surface.
, - Type 3: not organ specific; antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell
surface that was released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is
then deposited in the tissues.
Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅- Immune
complex
- Antigen-antibody complex deposited in the tissues
- Neutrophils are the primary effector cell
- Causes autoimmune diseases
- Examples: rheumatoid arthritis (joints), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE,
organs)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅- Facial
rash confined to the cheeks (malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- Photosensitivity (skin rash d/t sunlight exposure)
- Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- Hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia,
thrombocytopenia)
- Immunologic disorders
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least two peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- Renal disorder
- Neurologic disorders (seizures, psychosis)
- Presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅- Can be familial: Affected family
members may not all develop the same disease, but several members may
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM STUDY
GUIDE|2025 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅- "Allergic
reaction"
- Mediated by IgE.
- Inflammation d/t mast cell degranulation.
- Hay fever, hives (uticaria).
- Local s/s: itching, rash.
- Systemic: wheezing.
- Severe, systemic reaction: anaphylaxis: hypotension, severe
bronchoconstriction.
- Main tx: epinephrine.
Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅- Cytotoxic
reaction; tissue specific
- Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
- Causes tissue damage or alters function
- Examples: 1) Grave's disease- example of altering thyroid function, doesn't
destroy thyroid tissue. 2) ABO incompatibility- example of cell/tissue damage;
severe transfusion reaction occurs & the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed
by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
Difference between type 2 & 3 hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅- Type 2: organ specific; antibody binds to the antigen on the cell
surface.
, - Type 3: not organ specific; antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell
surface that was released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is
then deposited in the tissues.
Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅- Immune
complex
- Antigen-antibody complex deposited in the tissues
- Neutrophils are the primary effector cell
- Causes autoimmune diseases
- Examples: rheumatoid arthritis (joints), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE,
organs)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅- Facial
rash confined to the cheeks (malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- Photosensitivity (skin rash d/t sunlight exposure)
- Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- Hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia,
thrombocytopenia)
- Immunologic disorders
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least two peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- Renal disorder
- Neurologic disorders (seizures, psychosis)
- Presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅- Can be familial: Affected family
members may not all develop the same disease, but several members may
