6/4/25, 9:40 AM
Biological molecules (paper 1) NEWEST EXAM 2025-2026 \LATEST
UPDATE WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
DETAILED ANSWERS \ACTUAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
\GRADED A+
Monomer Smaller unit which can create larger molecules
Polymer Made from lots of monomers joined together
Starch
What polymers does glucose Cellul
make ose
Glyco
gen
What polymer do amino acids Proteins
make
DN
What polymers do nucleotides
make A
RN
A
Condensation reaction Joining 2 molecules, creating a chemical bond and removing
water
Hydrolysis reaction Breaking a chemical bond between 2 molecules involving the use
of water
Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
Monosaccharides examples glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharide examples sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysacharides examples starch, glycogen, cellulose
Hexagon structure with one branched c and an
Alpha glucose o on one o the corners H and OH branched
off on each side
H on top
Hexagon structure with one branched c and an
Beta glucose o on one o the corners H and OH branched
off on each side
OH on top
/ 1/8
, 6/4/25, 9:40 AM
Made up of 2
Disaccharides monosaccharides
Joined by a
glycosidic bond
Formed in a condensation reaction
Maltose is made from glucose and glucose
Lactose is made from glucose and galactose
Sucrose is made from glucose and fructose
Polysaccharides Created by condensation reactions between many glucose
monomers
Where is starch found Plants
Where is cellulose found Plants
Where is glycogen found Animals
What is the role of starch Store of glucose
What is the role of cellulose Structural strength
What is the role of glycogen Store of glucose
Polymer of alpha glucose
Made of 2 polymers : amylose and amylopectin
Structure of starch
Amylose is unbranched HELIX (1-4
glycosidic bonds) Amylopectin is branched
(1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds)
Helix can compact to fit a lot of glucose in a small space
Branched structure increases SA -> enzymes can act on
Structure of starch related to
more areas at once -> rapid rate of hydrolysis back
function
into glucose
Insoluble -> doesnt affect water potential
Polymer of Beta glucose
Cellulose structure Polymer forms long straight chains
Chains held together in parallel by many hydrogen bonds to form
fibrils
Many H bonds provide collective
Structure of cellulose related
to function strength Insoluble -> wont
affect water potential
Polymer of Alpha
Structure of glycogen
glucose Highly
branched
/ 2/8
Biological molecules (paper 1) NEWEST EXAM 2025-2026 \LATEST
UPDATE WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
DETAILED ANSWERS \ACTUAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
\GRADED A+
Monomer Smaller unit which can create larger molecules
Polymer Made from lots of monomers joined together
Starch
What polymers does glucose Cellul
make ose
Glyco
gen
What polymer do amino acids Proteins
make
DN
What polymers do nucleotides
make A
RN
A
Condensation reaction Joining 2 molecules, creating a chemical bond and removing
water
Hydrolysis reaction Breaking a chemical bond between 2 molecules involving the use
of water
Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
Monosaccharides examples glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharide examples sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysacharides examples starch, glycogen, cellulose
Hexagon structure with one branched c and an
Alpha glucose o on one o the corners H and OH branched
off on each side
H on top
Hexagon structure with one branched c and an
Beta glucose o on one o the corners H and OH branched
off on each side
OH on top
/ 1/8
, 6/4/25, 9:40 AM
Made up of 2
Disaccharides monosaccharides
Joined by a
glycosidic bond
Formed in a condensation reaction
Maltose is made from glucose and glucose
Lactose is made from glucose and galactose
Sucrose is made from glucose and fructose
Polysaccharides Created by condensation reactions between many glucose
monomers
Where is starch found Plants
Where is cellulose found Plants
Where is glycogen found Animals
What is the role of starch Store of glucose
What is the role of cellulose Structural strength
What is the role of glycogen Store of glucose
Polymer of alpha glucose
Made of 2 polymers : amylose and amylopectin
Structure of starch
Amylose is unbranched HELIX (1-4
glycosidic bonds) Amylopectin is branched
(1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds)
Helix can compact to fit a lot of glucose in a small space
Branched structure increases SA -> enzymes can act on
Structure of starch related to
more areas at once -> rapid rate of hydrolysis back
function
into glucose
Insoluble -> doesnt affect water potential
Polymer of Beta glucose
Cellulose structure Polymer forms long straight chains
Chains held together in parallel by many hydrogen bonds to form
fibrils
Many H bonds provide collective
Structure of cellulose related
to function strength Insoluble -> wont
affect water potential
Polymer of Alpha
Structure of glycogen
glucose Highly
branched
/ 2/8
