BIO 152 FINAL EXAM WITH PRECISE | | | | | |
DETAILED SOLUTIONS |
Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which natural
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
selection is based? | |
a. There is heritable variation among individuals.
| | | | | |
b. Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring.
| | | | | |
c. Species produce more offspring than the environment can support.
| | | | | | | | | |
d. Individuals whose characteristics are best suited to the environment
| | | | | | | | | |
generally leave more offspring than those whose characteristics are less well
| | | | | | | | | | |
suited.
e. Only a fraction of an individual's offspring may survive. - Correct answer ✔b.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring.
| | | | |
Which of the following observations helped Darwin shape his concept of
| | | | | | | | | | |
descent with modification? | |
a. Species diversity declines farther from the equator.
| | | | | | |
b. Fewer species live on islands than on the nearest continents.
| | | | | | | | | | |
c. Birds can be found on islands located farther from the mainland than the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
birds' maximum nonstop flight distance.
| | | | |
d. South American temperate plants are more similar to the tropical plants of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
South America than to the temperate plants of Europe.
| | | | | | | | |
e. Earthquakes reshape life by causing mass extinctions. - Correct answer ✔c.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Birds can be found on islands located farther from the mainland than the birds'
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
maximum nonstop flight distance. | | |
,Within six months of effectively using methicillin to treat S. aureus infections in
| | | | | | | | | | | |
a community, all new infections were caused by MRSA. How can this result
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
best be explained?
| |
a. S. aureus can resist vaccines.
| | | | | |
b. A patient must have become infected with MRSA from another community.
| | | | | | | | | | |
c. In response to the drug, S. aureus began making drug-resistant versions of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
protein targeted by the drug.
| | | | | |
d. Some drug-resistant bacteria were present at the start of treatment, and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
natural selection increased their frequency.| | | | |
e. The drug caused the S. aureus DNA to change. - Correct answer ✔b. A patient
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
must have become infected with MRSA from another community.
| | | | | | | | |
The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similar skeletal structures,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
whereas the corresponding bones in whales have very different shapes and
| | | | | | | | | | |
proportions. However, genetic data suggests that all three kinds of organisms | | | | | | | | | | |
diverged from a common ancestor at about the same time. Which of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
following is the most likely explanation for these data? | | | | | | | |
a. Humans and bats evolved by natural selection, and whales evolved by
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Lamarckian mechanisms. |
b. Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, but not in whales.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
c. Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to
| | | | | | | | | | |
whale forelimb anatomy.
| | |
d. Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats.
| | | | | | | | | | |
e. Whales are not properly classified as mammals. - Correct answer ✔c. Natural
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to whale
| | | | | | | | | | |
forelimb anatomy. |
,DNA sequences in many human genes are very similar to the sequences of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
corresponding genes in chimpanzees. The most likely explanation for this result
| | | | | | | | | |
is that
| |
a. humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor.
| | | | | | | | |
b. humans evolved from chimpanzees.
| | | | |
c. chimpanzees evolved from humans.
| | | | |
d. convergent evolution led to the DNA similarities.
| | | | | | | |
e. humans and chimpanzees are not closely related. - Correct answer ✔d.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
convergent evolution led to the DNA similarities. | | | | | |
Natural selection changes allele frequencies because some ____ survive and
| | | | | | | | | |
reproduce more successfully than others. | | | | |
a. alleles
|
b. loci
|
c. gene pools
| |
d. species
|
e. individuals - Correct answer ✔e. individuals
| | | | | |
No two people are genetically identical, except for identical twins. The main
| | | | | | | | | | | |
source of genetic variation among human individuals is
| | | | | | |
a. new mutations that occurred in the preceding generation.
| | | | | | | |
b. genetic drift due to the small size of the population.
| | | | | | | | | | |
c. the reshuffling of alleles in sexual reproduction.
| | | | | | | |
, d. geographic variation within the population.
| | | | |
e. environmental effects. - Correct answer ✔c. the reshuffling of alleles in sexual
| | | | | | | | | | | |
reproduction.
|
Sparrows with average-sized wings survive severe storms better than those with
| | | | | | | | | | |
longer or shorter wings, illustrating
| | | |
a. the bottleneck effect
| | |
b. disruptive selection
| |
c. frequency-dependent selection
| |
d. neutral variation
| |
e. stabilizing selection - Correct answer ✔e. stabilizing selection
| | | | | | | |
There are 40 individuals in population 1, all with genotype A1A1, and there are
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
25 individuals in population 2, all with genotype A2A2. Assume that these
| | | | | | | | | | | |
populations are located far from each other and that their environmental
| | | | | | | | | | |
conditions are very similar. Based on the information given here, the observed
| | | | | | | | | | | |
genetic variation is most likely an example of
| | | | | | |
a. genetic drift
| |
b. gene flow
| |
c. disruptive selection
| |
d. discrete variation
| |
e. directional selection - Correct answer ✔a. genetic drift
| | | | | | | |
A fruit fly population has a gene with two alleles, A1 and A2. Tests show that
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
70% of the gametes produced in the population contain the A1 allele. If the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
DETAILED SOLUTIONS |
Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which natural
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
selection is based? | |
a. There is heritable variation among individuals.
| | | | | |
b. Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring.
| | | | | |
c. Species produce more offspring than the environment can support.
| | | | | | | | | |
d. Individuals whose characteristics are best suited to the environment
| | | | | | | | | |
generally leave more offspring than those whose characteristics are less well
| | | | | | | | | | |
suited.
e. Only a fraction of an individual's offspring may survive. - Correct answer ✔b.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring.
| | | | |
Which of the following observations helped Darwin shape his concept of
| | | | | | | | | | |
descent with modification? | |
a. Species diversity declines farther from the equator.
| | | | | | |
b. Fewer species live on islands than on the nearest continents.
| | | | | | | | | | |
c. Birds can be found on islands located farther from the mainland than the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
birds' maximum nonstop flight distance.
| | | | |
d. South American temperate plants are more similar to the tropical plants of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
South America than to the temperate plants of Europe.
| | | | | | | | |
e. Earthquakes reshape life by causing mass extinctions. - Correct answer ✔c.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Birds can be found on islands located farther from the mainland than the birds'
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
maximum nonstop flight distance. | | |
,Within six months of effectively using methicillin to treat S. aureus infections in
| | | | | | | | | | | |
a community, all new infections were caused by MRSA. How can this result
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
best be explained?
| |
a. S. aureus can resist vaccines.
| | | | | |
b. A patient must have become infected with MRSA from another community.
| | | | | | | | | | |
c. In response to the drug, S. aureus began making drug-resistant versions of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
protein targeted by the drug.
| | | | | |
d. Some drug-resistant bacteria were present at the start of treatment, and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
natural selection increased their frequency.| | | | |
e. The drug caused the S. aureus DNA to change. - Correct answer ✔b. A patient
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
must have become infected with MRSA from another community.
| | | | | | | | |
The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similar skeletal structures,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
whereas the corresponding bones in whales have very different shapes and
| | | | | | | | | | |
proportions. However, genetic data suggests that all three kinds of organisms | | | | | | | | | | |
diverged from a common ancestor at about the same time. Which of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
following is the most likely explanation for these data? | | | | | | | |
a. Humans and bats evolved by natural selection, and whales evolved by
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Lamarckian mechanisms. |
b. Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, but not in whales.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
c. Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to
| | | | | | | | | | |
whale forelimb anatomy.
| | |
d. Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats.
| | | | | | | | | | |
e. Whales are not properly classified as mammals. - Correct answer ✔c. Natural
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to whale
| | | | | | | | | | |
forelimb anatomy. |
,DNA sequences in many human genes are very similar to the sequences of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
corresponding genes in chimpanzees. The most likely explanation for this result
| | | | | | | | | |
is that
| |
a. humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor.
| | | | | | | | |
b. humans evolved from chimpanzees.
| | | | |
c. chimpanzees evolved from humans.
| | | | |
d. convergent evolution led to the DNA similarities.
| | | | | | | |
e. humans and chimpanzees are not closely related. - Correct answer ✔d.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
convergent evolution led to the DNA similarities. | | | | | |
Natural selection changes allele frequencies because some ____ survive and
| | | | | | | | | |
reproduce more successfully than others. | | | | |
a. alleles
|
b. loci
|
c. gene pools
| |
d. species
|
e. individuals - Correct answer ✔e. individuals
| | | | | |
No two people are genetically identical, except for identical twins. The main
| | | | | | | | | | | |
source of genetic variation among human individuals is
| | | | | | |
a. new mutations that occurred in the preceding generation.
| | | | | | | |
b. genetic drift due to the small size of the population.
| | | | | | | | | | |
c. the reshuffling of alleles in sexual reproduction.
| | | | | | | |
, d. geographic variation within the population.
| | | | |
e. environmental effects. - Correct answer ✔c. the reshuffling of alleles in sexual
| | | | | | | | | | | |
reproduction.
|
Sparrows with average-sized wings survive severe storms better than those with
| | | | | | | | | | |
longer or shorter wings, illustrating
| | | |
a. the bottleneck effect
| | |
b. disruptive selection
| |
c. frequency-dependent selection
| |
d. neutral variation
| |
e. stabilizing selection - Correct answer ✔e. stabilizing selection
| | | | | | | |
There are 40 individuals in population 1, all with genotype A1A1, and there are
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
25 individuals in population 2, all with genotype A2A2. Assume that these
| | | | | | | | | | | |
populations are located far from each other and that their environmental
| | | | | | | | | | |
conditions are very similar. Based on the information given here, the observed
| | | | | | | | | | | |
genetic variation is most likely an example of
| | | | | | |
a. genetic drift
| |
b. gene flow
| |
c. disruptive selection
| |
d. discrete variation
| |
e. directional selection - Correct answer ✔a. genetic drift
| | | | | | | |
A fruit fly population has a gene with two alleles, A1 and A2. Tests show that
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
70% of the gametes produced in the population contain the A1 allele. If the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
