Nursing 6001 Exam 1 |221
Questions and Answers
Infection - -disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body
- health promotion and nursing assessment - -nurses assess health-
promotion activities
introduce screening questions
collaboration
- body's defense against infection - -body's normal flora
inflammatory response
immune response
- factors affecting host susceptibility - -intact skin and mucous membranes
normal ph levels
body's white blood cells
age, sex, race, hereditary factors
immunization, natural or acquired
fatigue, climate, nutritional and general health status
stress
use of invasive or indwelling medical device
- nosocomial infections - -use of invasive medical devices
antibiotic-resistant organisms developed in hospitals
- components of infection - -infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
means of transmission
,portals of entry
susceptible host
- pathogens - -disease-producing microorganism
- bacteria - -the most significant and most commonly observed infection-
causing agents
cocci, bacilli, or spirochetes
- gram-positive - -have a thick cell wall that resists decolorization and are
stained violet
- gram-negative - -have chemically more complex cell was and can be
decolorized by alcohol thus they do not stain
- virus - -is the smallest of all microorganism, visible only with an electron
microscope
- fungi - -plant like organisms that also can cause infection, are present in
the air soil and water
- parasites - -are organisms that live on or in a host and rely on it for
nourishment
- virulence - -it's ability to cause disease
- an organisms potential to produce disease depends on a variety of factors
- -number of organism
virulence
competence of the person's immune system
length and intimacy of the contact between the person and the
microorganism
- Colonization - -presence of an organism residing in an individual's body
with no clinical signs of infection
if person's defense mechanism are ineffective in responding to the bacterial
invasion (colonization), infection will result
- Reservoir - -natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of
microorganisms
ex:
,-other humans
-animals
-soil
-food, water, milk
-inanmate objects
- portal of exit - -is the point of escape for the organism from the reservoir
organism cannot extend its influence unless it moves away from its original
reservoir
ex:
-gastrointestinal
-genitourinary
-breaks in skin
-blood and tissue
- How do you know I have an infection - -complete blood count
elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, c-reactive protein level
presence of pathogens in urine, blood, sputum, or draining wounds
- means of transmission - -direct contact- close proximity between
susceptible host and infected person or carrier
indirect
-vector: living creature that transmits an infectious agent
-fomite: equipement or countertops
droplet
airborne
- portal of entry - -is the point at which organism enter a new host or they
die
- susceptible host - -microorganisms survive only in a source that provides
shelter and nourishment and only if the microorganisms overcome any
resistance mounted by the host's defenses
susceptibility is the degree of resistance the potential host has to the
pathogen
- stages of infection - -incubation period- interval between the pathogen's
invasion of the body and the appearance of symptoms of infection
, prodromal stage- most infectious, early signs and symptoms but often vague
and nonspecific
full stage of illness- the presence of infection-specific signs and symptoms
indicates the full stage of illness
convalescent period- recovery from infection
- the nursing process for infection prevention and control-assessing - -early
detection and surveillance techniques
observing signs and symptoms
- the nursing process for infection prevention and control-diagnosing - -the
focus of nursing care depends on a nursing diagnosis that accurately reflects
the patient's condition
- the nursing process for infection prevention and control-outcome
identification and planning - -develops appropriate patient outcomes after
reviewing the assessment data
nursing interventions focused on controlling or preventing infection can
positively impact patient outcomes
- the nursing process for infection prevention and control-implementing - -
practice of asepsis includes all activities to prevent infection or break chain
of infection
medical asepsis- clean technique, involves procedures and practices that
reduce the number and transfer of pathogens
surgical asepsis- sterile technique, includes practices used to render and
keep objects and areas free from microorganism
- 5 movements of hand hygiene - -before touching a patient
before a clean or aseptic procedure
after a body fluid exposure risk
after touching a patient
after touching patient surroundings
Questions and Answers
Infection - -disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body
- health promotion and nursing assessment - -nurses assess health-
promotion activities
introduce screening questions
collaboration
- body's defense against infection - -body's normal flora
inflammatory response
immune response
- factors affecting host susceptibility - -intact skin and mucous membranes
normal ph levels
body's white blood cells
age, sex, race, hereditary factors
immunization, natural or acquired
fatigue, climate, nutritional and general health status
stress
use of invasive or indwelling medical device
- nosocomial infections - -use of invasive medical devices
antibiotic-resistant organisms developed in hospitals
- components of infection - -infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
means of transmission
,portals of entry
susceptible host
- pathogens - -disease-producing microorganism
- bacteria - -the most significant and most commonly observed infection-
causing agents
cocci, bacilli, or spirochetes
- gram-positive - -have a thick cell wall that resists decolorization and are
stained violet
- gram-negative - -have chemically more complex cell was and can be
decolorized by alcohol thus they do not stain
- virus - -is the smallest of all microorganism, visible only with an electron
microscope
- fungi - -plant like organisms that also can cause infection, are present in
the air soil and water
- parasites - -are organisms that live on or in a host and rely on it for
nourishment
- virulence - -it's ability to cause disease
- an organisms potential to produce disease depends on a variety of factors
- -number of organism
virulence
competence of the person's immune system
length and intimacy of the contact between the person and the
microorganism
- Colonization - -presence of an organism residing in an individual's body
with no clinical signs of infection
if person's defense mechanism are ineffective in responding to the bacterial
invasion (colonization), infection will result
- Reservoir - -natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of
microorganisms
ex:
,-other humans
-animals
-soil
-food, water, milk
-inanmate objects
- portal of exit - -is the point of escape for the organism from the reservoir
organism cannot extend its influence unless it moves away from its original
reservoir
ex:
-gastrointestinal
-genitourinary
-breaks in skin
-blood and tissue
- How do you know I have an infection - -complete blood count
elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, c-reactive protein level
presence of pathogens in urine, blood, sputum, or draining wounds
- means of transmission - -direct contact- close proximity between
susceptible host and infected person or carrier
indirect
-vector: living creature that transmits an infectious agent
-fomite: equipement or countertops
droplet
airborne
- portal of entry - -is the point at which organism enter a new host or they
die
- susceptible host - -microorganisms survive only in a source that provides
shelter and nourishment and only if the microorganisms overcome any
resistance mounted by the host's defenses
susceptibility is the degree of resistance the potential host has to the
pathogen
- stages of infection - -incubation period- interval between the pathogen's
invasion of the body and the appearance of symptoms of infection
, prodromal stage- most infectious, early signs and symptoms but often vague
and nonspecific
full stage of illness- the presence of infection-specific signs and symptoms
indicates the full stage of illness
convalescent period- recovery from infection
- the nursing process for infection prevention and control-assessing - -early
detection and surveillance techniques
observing signs and symptoms
- the nursing process for infection prevention and control-diagnosing - -the
focus of nursing care depends on a nursing diagnosis that accurately reflects
the patient's condition
- the nursing process for infection prevention and control-outcome
identification and planning - -develops appropriate patient outcomes after
reviewing the assessment data
nursing interventions focused on controlling or preventing infection can
positively impact patient outcomes
- the nursing process for infection prevention and control-implementing - -
practice of asepsis includes all activities to prevent infection or break chain
of infection
medical asepsis- clean technique, involves procedures and practices that
reduce the number and transfer of pathogens
surgical asepsis- sterile technique, includes practices used to render and
keep objects and areas free from microorganism
- 5 movements of hand hygiene - -before touching a patient
before a clean or aseptic procedure
after a body fluid exposure risk
after touching a patient
after touching patient surroundings
