NAVLE (North American Veterinary Licensing
Examination Questions and correct Answers
(Verified Answers) with Rationales 2025
1. A 4-year-old Labrador Retriever presents with acute onset vomiting and
abdominal pain. Radiographs reveal a gas-filled structure in the cranial
abdomen with a "double bubble" appearance. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Gastric dilation-volvulus (GDV)
B. Small intestinal obstruction
C. Pancreatitis
D. Pyloric stenosis
Rationale: The "double bubble" sign suggests a small intestinal obstruction,
typically involving both a distended stomach and proximal small intestine. GDV
would present with a single, massively distended stomach and a gas-filled
compartment, but not this pattern.
2. Which of the following is most appropriate for treating hyperkalemia in a
blocked male cat?
,A. Intravenous potassium chloride
B. Calcium gluconate IV
C. Insulin intramuscularly only
D. Mannitol IV
Rationale: Calcium gluconate IV stabilizes the myocardium and prevents fatal
arrhythmias caused by hyperkalemia. Insulin is also useful but not as immediately
life-saving.
3. What is the most likely cause of "diamond skin lesions" in pigs?
A. Porcine circovirus
B. Pseudorabies
C. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
D. Haemophilus parasuis
Rationale: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes characteristic diamond-shaped
skin lesions due to vasculitis and thrombosis in pigs.
4. What is the primary mode of transmission of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?
A. Fecal-oral
B. Venereal (sexual contact)
C. Airborne droplets
D. Vertical (in utero)
Rationale: T. foetus is transmitted venereally, mainly from bulls to cows during
mating.
, 5. What is the first-line therapy for canine heartworm disease caused by
Dirofilaria immitis?
A. Melarsomine dihydrochloride
B. Ivermectin alone
C. Praziquantel
D. Fenbendazole
Rationale: Melarsomine is the only FDA-approved adulticidal treatment for D.
immitis in dogs.
6. Which of the following findings best indicates azotemia due to renal failure
rather than dehydration?
A. High creatinine with high USG (urine specific gravity)
B. Low BUN with normal creatinine
C. Isosthenuria with elevated BUN and creatinine
D. Hyposthenuria with low BUN
Rationale: Isosthenuria (1.008–1.012) with azotemia suggests renal failure,
indicating the kidneys are not concentrating urine appropriately.
7. Which of the following is most commonly associated with cerebellar
hypoplasia in kittens?
A. Feline panleukopenia virus
B. FIP (feline infectious peritonitis)
Examination Questions and correct Answers
(Verified Answers) with Rationales 2025
1. A 4-year-old Labrador Retriever presents with acute onset vomiting and
abdominal pain. Radiographs reveal a gas-filled structure in the cranial
abdomen with a "double bubble" appearance. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Gastric dilation-volvulus (GDV)
B. Small intestinal obstruction
C. Pancreatitis
D. Pyloric stenosis
Rationale: The "double bubble" sign suggests a small intestinal obstruction,
typically involving both a distended stomach and proximal small intestine. GDV
would present with a single, massively distended stomach and a gas-filled
compartment, but not this pattern.
2. Which of the following is most appropriate for treating hyperkalemia in a
blocked male cat?
,A. Intravenous potassium chloride
B. Calcium gluconate IV
C. Insulin intramuscularly only
D. Mannitol IV
Rationale: Calcium gluconate IV stabilizes the myocardium and prevents fatal
arrhythmias caused by hyperkalemia. Insulin is also useful but not as immediately
life-saving.
3. What is the most likely cause of "diamond skin lesions" in pigs?
A. Porcine circovirus
B. Pseudorabies
C. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
D. Haemophilus parasuis
Rationale: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes characteristic diamond-shaped
skin lesions due to vasculitis and thrombosis in pigs.
4. What is the primary mode of transmission of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?
A. Fecal-oral
B. Venereal (sexual contact)
C. Airborne droplets
D. Vertical (in utero)
Rationale: T. foetus is transmitted venereally, mainly from bulls to cows during
mating.
, 5. What is the first-line therapy for canine heartworm disease caused by
Dirofilaria immitis?
A. Melarsomine dihydrochloride
B. Ivermectin alone
C. Praziquantel
D. Fenbendazole
Rationale: Melarsomine is the only FDA-approved adulticidal treatment for D.
immitis in dogs.
6. Which of the following findings best indicates azotemia due to renal failure
rather than dehydration?
A. High creatinine with high USG (urine specific gravity)
B. Low BUN with normal creatinine
C. Isosthenuria with elevated BUN and creatinine
D. Hyposthenuria with low BUN
Rationale: Isosthenuria (1.008–1.012) with azotemia suggests renal failure,
indicating the kidneys are not concentrating urine appropriately.
7. Which of the following is most commonly associated with cerebellar
hypoplasia in kittens?
A. Feline panleukopenia virus
B. FIP (feline infectious peritonitis)
