Human Physiology: From Cells to
Systems Exam With 100% 100% Correct
Answers
connective tissue - correct answers ✔✔connects, supports & anchors body parts; marked by
relatively few cells distributed in an abundance of extracellular material (matrix)
endocrine gland - correct answers ✔✔ductless, secrete hormones into the blood
enzyme - correct answers ✔✔specialized protein molecule that catalyzes a particular chemical
reaction in the body
epithelial tissue - correct answers ✔✔functional cell grouping that specializes in exchange of
materials between cell and its environment; covers and lines varies body surfaces & cavities;
also forms secretory glands
exocrine gland - correct answers ✔✔secretes through ducts to outside of body or into a body
cavity that communicates with the outside
extracellular fluid - correct answers ✔✔plasma (liquid portion of blood) + interstitial fluid
extrinsic control - correct answers ✔✔regulatory mechanism that originates outside the organ
affected, either via the nervous or endocrine system
feedforward mechanism - correct answers ✔✔response designed to prevent an anticipated
change in a controlled variable
,glands - correct answers ✔✔epithelial tissue derivatives that are specialized for secretion
homeostatic control system - correct answers ✔✔sensor -> integrator (control center) ->
effector; system works to restore set point of a controlled variable
organ - correct answers ✔✔2 or more tissue types organized to perform 1 or more functions
tissue - correct answers ✔✔(1) a functional aggregation of cells of a single specialized type; (2)
the aggregate of various cellular + extracellular components that make up a particular organ
[clinical usage]
actin - correct answers ✔✔contractile protein forming the backbone of the thin filaments in
muscle fibers
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) - correct answers ✔✔2-phosphate product formed by splitting off
of 1 phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to ultimate yield energy for cellular
use
amoeboid movement - correct answers ✔✔"crawling" movement of white blood cells
ATP synthase - correct answers ✔✔mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of ATP from
ADP + 1 inorganic phosphate group
autophagy - correct answers ✔✔selective self-digestion of cell parts (such as worn-out
organelles) by lysosomes
catalase - correct answers ✔✔an antioxidant enzyme found in peroxisomes that decomposes
H2O2 into H20 and O2
, cell - correct answers ✔✔smallest unit capable of carrying out the processes associated with
life; the basic unit of structure AND function in living organisms
cellular respiration - correct answers ✔✔series of chemical reactions in cell that convert
nutrients into yield energy, usually by using O2 and releasing CO2 as a byproduct; glycolysis ->
citric acid cycle -> oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport system/chain + chemiosmosis)
centrosome - correct answers ✔✔microtubule organizing center (also called "cell center") near
nucleus; consists of a pair of centrioles surrounded by an amorphous mass of proteins
chemiosmosis - correct answers ✔✔ATP production in mitochondria catalyzed by ATP synthase,
activated by flow of H+ ions down concentration gradient established by electron transport
system/chain
dynein - correct answers ✔✔the molecular motor that "walks" along microtubular "highways"
toward the cell center; for ex., transporting debris from the axon terminal to the cell body for
destruction by lysosomes
glycogen - correct answers ✔✔storage form of glucose in muscle & liver
glycolysis - correct answers ✔✔breaks down glucose into pyruvate molecules; takes place in
cytosol
hydrolysis - correct answers ✔✔digestion of a nutrient molecule by adding water to a bonding
site
inclusion - correct answers ✔✔non-permanent mass of stored material (ex. glycogen or
fat/triglycerides) in a cell
Systems Exam With 100% 100% Correct
Answers
connective tissue - correct answers ✔✔connects, supports & anchors body parts; marked by
relatively few cells distributed in an abundance of extracellular material (matrix)
endocrine gland - correct answers ✔✔ductless, secrete hormones into the blood
enzyme - correct answers ✔✔specialized protein molecule that catalyzes a particular chemical
reaction in the body
epithelial tissue - correct answers ✔✔functional cell grouping that specializes in exchange of
materials between cell and its environment; covers and lines varies body surfaces & cavities;
also forms secretory glands
exocrine gland - correct answers ✔✔secretes through ducts to outside of body or into a body
cavity that communicates with the outside
extracellular fluid - correct answers ✔✔plasma (liquid portion of blood) + interstitial fluid
extrinsic control - correct answers ✔✔regulatory mechanism that originates outside the organ
affected, either via the nervous or endocrine system
feedforward mechanism - correct answers ✔✔response designed to prevent an anticipated
change in a controlled variable
,glands - correct answers ✔✔epithelial tissue derivatives that are specialized for secretion
homeostatic control system - correct answers ✔✔sensor -> integrator (control center) ->
effector; system works to restore set point of a controlled variable
organ - correct answers ✔✔2 or more tissue types organized to perform 1 or more functions
tissue - correct answers ✔✔(1) a functional aggregation of cells of a single specialized type; (2)
the aggregate of various cellular + extracellular components that make up a particular organ
[clinical usage]
actin - correct answers ✔✔contractile protein forming the backbone of the thin filaments in
muscle fibers
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) - correct answers ✔✔2-phosphate product formed by splitting off
of 1 phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to ultimate yield energy for cellular
use
amoeboid movement - correct answers ✔✔"crawling" movement of white blood cells
ATP synthase - correct answers ✔✔mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of ATP from
ADP + 1 inorganic phosphate group
autophagy - correct answers ✔✔selective self-digestion of cell parts (such as worn-out
organelles) by lysosomes
catalase - correct answers ✔✔an antioxidant enzyme found in peroxisomes that decomposes
H2O2 into H20 and O2
, cell - correct answers ✔✔smallest unit capable of carrying out the processes associated with
life; the basic unit of structure AND function in living organisms
cellular respiration - correct answers ✔✔series of chemical reactions in cell that convert
nutrients into yield energy, usually by using O2 and releasing CO2 as a byproduct; glycolysis ->
citric acid cycle -> oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport system/chain + chemiosmosis)
centrosome - correct answers ✔✔microtubule organizing center (also called "cell center") near
nucleus; consists of a pair of centrioles surrounded by an amorphous mass of proteins
chemiosmosis - correct answers ✔✔ATP production in mitochondria catalyzed by ATP synthase,
activated by flow of H+ ions down concentration gradient established by electron transport
system/chain
dynein - correct answers ✔✔the molecular motor that "walks" along microtubular "highways"
toward the cell center; for ex., transporting debris from the axon terminal to the cell body for
destruction by lysosomes
glycogen - correct answers ✔✔storage form of glucose in muscle & liver
glycolysis - correct answers ✔✔breaks down glucose into pyruvate molecules; takes place in
cytosol
hydrolysis - correct answers ✔✔digestion of a nutrient molecule by adding water to a bonding
site
inclusion - correct answers ✔✔non-permanent mass of stored material (ex. glycogen or
fat/triglycerides) in a cell
