Entomology Exam 1 questions with verified
answers
Active ingredient vs Inert ingredients Ans✓✓✓ - Active ingredients are
the chemicals in a pesticide product that act to control the pests. Active
ingredients must be identified by name on the pesticide product's label
together with its percentage by weight.
- inert ingredients are combined with active ingredients to make a
pesticide product. Inerts may be chemical compounds or other
substances, including common food commodities (e.g., certain edible
oils, spices, herbs) and some natural materials (e.g., beeswax,
cellulose).
Acute toxicity vs Chronic toxicity - provide examples Ans✓✓✓ Acute
toxicity - Occur from a single exposure• Develop within 24 hrs of
exposure• Any effect is measured• Toxicity usually expressed as LD50or
LC50
Adjuvant & examples Ans✓✓✓ Agricultural spray adjuvants are used
to enhance the effectiveness of pesticides such as herbicides,
insecticides, fungicides and other agents that control or eliminate
unwanted pests. (ex. surfactants, emulsifiers, oils, salts)
Be able to draw a graph with appropriate axes (labeled), and proper
placement of EIL, ET, and insect population growth curve. Ans✓✓✓
,Define Economic injury level, economic threshold Ans✓✓✓ EIL -
Lowest population density of a pest that will cause economic damage
and justify control
Economic threshold - the density of a pest at which a control treatment
will provide an economic return. An economic threshold is also the
insect's population level or extent of crop damage at which the value of
the crop destroyed exceeds the cost of controlling the pest.
Do insects develop at all temperatures? Ans✓✓✓ No, extreme heat or
cold may result in mortality. However, insects generally develop much
faster at warmer temperatures. (speeds up biochemical reactions and
Diffusion rates for enzymes and substrates increase)
Do pesticides used now pose threats to human health and the
environment? Ans✓✓✓
Give a pro and a con to some of the newer chemistries
- why is it a pro or con? Ans✓✓✓
How are degree day models used in IPM? When are they useful? When
are they not? Ans✓✓✓ Degree day accumulation affects the:
Timing of scouting and management efforts
- Upper & Lower temperature developmental threshold
- Lower and upper temperature lethal threshold
,- Thermal constant: number of degree-days (heat units) required for an
insect event to occur.
- Biofix: The date to begin accumulation of degree-days
Development of prediction tools.
How are pesticides ranked among food safety priorities? Ans✓✓✓ FDA
Ranking of Food Safety Priorities:
1. Microbial contamination of foods
2. Nutritional imbalance
3. Environmental contaminants
4. Naturally occurring toxins
5. Pesticides
How do we characterize seasonal life cycles to help characterize
frequency and duration of pest problems in IPM? Examples of insects
exhibiting these types of strategies? Ans✓✓✓ Seasonal life cycle can
be categorized according to number of generations per year (voltinity):
- Univoltine: one generation per year (Examples: grasshoppers, mole
cricket, many beetles, apple maggot)
- Bivoltine: two generations per year (Examples: European corn borer,
two-lined spittlebug)
- Multivoltine: > two per year (Examples: aphids, thrips, many moths in
the south, mites, azalea lace bug)
, - Alternating generation: e.g. aphid Delayed voltinecycle: >1 year per
generationSome June beetles, wireworms (2-3 years for the larvae to
develop)17-year cicada
How do we define "pest"? Ans✓✓✓ - A pest is an organism that
interferes with humans and their activities. Also described as an
organism that competes with humans for resources or otherwise
presents a nuisance.
- Concept of pest is "Anthropocentric" (human-centered)
- Circumstantial - e.g. termites
- < 1% of all insects are pests
- Economic entomology deals with species that have the potential to
cause economic losses (about 600 species in the U.S.).
Is biocontrol compatible with other management tools? Ans✓✓✓ Yes
Know definitions of vocabulary related to metamorphosis and molting.
Ans✓✓✓ Terminologies:
- Eclosion: hatching of larva from egg
- Instar: actual insect between molts, 3-5 instars in most insects
- Emergence: adult coming out of an immature lifestage(pupa or
nymph)
answers
Active ingredient vs Inert ingredients Ans✓✓✓ - Active ingredients are
the chemicals in a pesticide product that act to control the pests. Active
ingredients must be identified by name on the pesticide product's label
together with its percentage by weight.
- inert ingredients are combined with active ingredients to make a
pesticide product. Inerts may be chemical compounds or other
substances, including common food commodities (e.g., certain edible
oils, spices, herbs) and some natural materials (e.g., beeswax,
cellulose).
Acute toxicity vs Chronic toxicity - provide examples Ans✓✓✓ Acute
toxicity - Occur from a single exposure• Develop within 24 hrs of
exposure• Any effect is measured• Toxicity usually expressed as LD50or
LC50
Adjuvant & examples Ans✓✓✓ Agricultural spray adjuvants are used
to enhance the effectiveness of pesticides such as herbicides,
insecticides, fungicides and other agents that control or eliminate
unwanted pests. (ex. surfactants, emulsifiers, oils, salts)
Be able to draw a graph with appropriate axes (labeled), and proper
placement of EIL, ET, and insect population growth curve. Ans✓✓✓
,Define Economic injury level, economic threshold Ans✓✓✓ EIL -
Lowest population density of a pest that will cause economic damage
and justify control
Economic threshold - the density of a pest at which a control treatment
will provide an economic return. An economic threshold is also the
insect's population level or extent of crop damage at which the value of
the crop destroyed exceeds the cost of controlling the pest.
Do insects develop at all temperatures? Ans✓✓✓ No, extreme heat or
cold may result in mortality. However, insects generally develop much
faster at warmer temperatures. (speeds up biochemical reactions and
Diffusion rates for enzymes and substrates increase)
Do pesticides used now pose threats to human health and the
environment? Ans✓✓✓
Give a pro and a con to some of the newer chemistries
- why is it a pro or con? Ans✓✓✓
How are degree day models used in IPM? When are they useful? When
are they not? Ans✓✓✓ Degree day accumulation affects the:
Timing of scouting and management efforts
- Upper & Lower temperature developmental threshold
- Lower and upper temperature lethal threshold
,- Thermal constant: number of degree-days (heat units) required for an
insect event to occur.
- Biofix: The date to begin accumulation of degree-days
Development of prediction tools.
How are pesticides ranked among food safety priorities? Ans✓✓✓ FDA
Ranking of Food Safety Priorities:
1. Microbial contamination of foods
2. Nutritional imbalance
3. Environmental contaminants
4. Naturally occurring toxins
5. Pesticides
How do we characterize seasonal life cycles to help characterize
frequency and duration of pest problems in IPM? Examples of insects
exhibiting these types of strategies? Ans✓✓✓ Seasonal life cycle can
be categorized according to number of generations per year (voltinity):
- Univoltine: one generation per year (Examples: grasshoppers, mole
cricket, many beetles, apple maggot)
- Bivoltine: two generations per year (Examples: European corn borer,
two-lined spittlebug)
- Multivoltine: > two per year (Examples: aphids, thrips, many moths in
the south, mites, azalea lace bug)
, - Alternating generation: e.g. aphid Delayed voltinecycle: >1 year per
generationSome June beetles, wireworms (2-3 years for the larvae to
develop)17-year cicada
How do we define "pest"? Ans✓✓✓ - A pest is an organism that
interferes with humans and their activities. Also described as an
organism that competes with humans for resources or otherwise
presents a nuisance.
- Concept of pest is "Anthropocentric" (human-centered)
- Circumstantial - e.g. termites
- < 1% of all insects are pests
- Economic entomology deals with species that have the potential to
cause economic losses (about 600 species in the U.S.).
Is biocontrol compatible with other management tools? Ans✓✓✓ Yes
Know definitions of vocabulary related to metamorphosis and molting.
Ans✓✓✓ Terminologies:
- Eclosion: hatching of larva from egg
- Instar: actual insect between molts, 3-5 instars in most insects
- Emergence: adult coming out of an immature lifestage(pupa or
nymph)
