Pathophysiology Module 6 Exam with | | | | |
precise detailed solutions | |
List the 2 major divisions of the nervous system and the structures found in
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each. - Correct answer ✔central nervous system (CNS) containing the brain
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and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system (PNS) containing spinal nerves, cranial nerves, and
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ganglia that are outside of the PNS.
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Describe the meninges and their function. - Correct answer ✔The meninges are
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connective tissue sheaths that surround the brain and spinal cord.
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pia mater: is the innermost layer of the meninges. It is thin and delicate and
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contains surface level blood vessels that perfuse the brain and spinal cord.
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arachnoid layer: second layer. It encases the entire CNS and is delicate,
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nonvascular, and waterproof. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates in an area
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just below the arachnoid layer called the subarachnoid space.
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dura mater: outermost layer. strong, continuous connective tissue sheath that
| | | | | | | | | |
provides the brain and spinal cord with most of its protection.
| | | | | | | | | |
,Describe how CSF is produced and its function. - Correct answer ✔CSF serves
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as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord protecting them from outside physical
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force. It maintains a constant ionic environment that allows for the diffusion of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
essential nutrients, electrolytes, and metabolic waste products into the
| | | | | | | | |
extracellular fluid surrounding the CNS neurons. | | | | | |
A thin layer of neuroglial cells, ependyma, line the ventricles of the brain and
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the central canal of the spinal cord. Specialized ependymal cells called the
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choroid plexus project into the ventricles and produce CSF.
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cranial nerves and functions - Correct answer ✔olfactory
| | | | | | |
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal abducens |
facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal
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vagus |
accessory hypoglossal |
What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons? - Correct answer
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✔Afferent neurons carry sensory information from the periphery to the spinal
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cord and brain while efferent neurons carry motor output from the brain and
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spinal cord to the periphery. | | | |
Divisions of the nervous system and their functions - Correct answer ✔CNS,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
PNS
, PNS: somatic nervous system and autonomic NS (also efferent and efferent)
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Autonomic: parasympathetic and sympathetic | | |
somatic nervous system - Correct answer ✔generally under voluntary control,
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innervating the movement of skeletal muscles, skin, and joints
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autonomic system function - Correct answer ✔control glands and smooth
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muscles of the internal organs- involuntary control
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parasympathetic vs. sympathetic - Correct answer ✔para: resting situations,| | | | | | | | |
permitting digestion and conservation of energy
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symp: vigorous muscular activity, stress, emergenicies
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hindbrain - Correct answer ✔cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata
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coordination of movement, posture, regulating respiration and blood circ
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midbrain - Correct answer ✔cerebral peduncles (bundles of nerve fibers)
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eye movement, visual, audio
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precise detailed solutions | |
List the 2 major divisions of the nervous system and the structures found in
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
each. - Correct answer ✔central nervous system (CNS) containing the brain
| | | | | | | | | | |
and spinal cord
| | |
peripheral nervous system (PNS) containing spinal nerves, cranial nerves, and
| | | | | | | | | |
ganglia that are outside of the PNS.
| | | | | |
Describe the meninges and their function. - Correct answer ✔The meninges are
| | | | | | | | | | |
connective tissue sheaths that surround the brain and spinal cord.
| | | | | | | | | | |
pia mater: is the innermost layer of the meninges. It is thin and delicate and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
contains surface level blood vessels that perfuse the brain and spinal cord.
| | | | | | | | | | |
arachnoid layer: second layer. It encases the entire CNS and is delicate,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
nonvascular, and waterproof. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates in an area
| | | | | | | | | |
just below the arachnoid layer called the subarachnoid space.
| | | | | | | | |
dura mater: outermost layer. strong, continuous connective tissue sheath that
| | | | | | | | | |
provides the brain and spinal cord with most of its protection.
| | | | | | | | | |
,Describe how CSF is produced and its function. - Correct answer ✔CSF serves
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord protecting them from outside physical
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
force. It maintains a constant ionic environment that allows for the diffusion of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
essential nutrients, electrolytes, and metabolic waste products into the
| | | | | | | | |
extracellular fluid surrounding the CNS neurons. | | | | | |
A thin layer of neuroglial cells, ependyma, line the ventricles of the brain and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the central canal of the spinal cord. Specialized ependymal cells called the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
choroid plexus project into the ventricles and produce CSF.
| | | | | | | |
cranial nerves and functions - Correct answer ✔olfactory
| | | | | | |
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal abducens |
facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal
| | |
vagus |
accessory hypoglossal |
What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons? - Correct answer
| | | | | | | | | | | |
✔Afferent neurons carry sensory information from the periphery to the spinal
| | | | | | | | | | |
cord and brain while efferent neurons carry motor output from the brain and
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
spinal cord to the periphery. | | | |
Divisions of the nervous system and their functions - Correct answer ✔CNS,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
PNS
, PNS: somatic nervous system and autonomic NS (also efferent and efferent)
| | | | | | | | | |
Autonomic: parasympathetic and sympathetic | | |
somatic nervous system - Correct answer ✔generally under voluntary control,
| | | | | | | | | |
innervating the movement of skeletal muscles, skin, and joints
| | | | | | | |
autonomic system function - Correct answer ✔control glands and smooth
| | | | | | | | | |
muscles of the internal organs- involuntary control
| | | | | |
parasympathetic vs. sympathetic - Correct answer ✔para: resting situations,| | | | | | | | |
permitting digestion and conservation of energy
| | | | | |
symp: vigorous muscular activity, stress, emergenicies
| | | | |
hindbrain - Correct answer ✔cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata
| | | | | | |
coordination of movement, posture, regulating respiration and blood circ
| | | | | | | |
midbrain - Correct answer ✔cerebral peduncles (bundles of nerve fibers)
| | | | | | | | |
eye movement, visual, audio
| | |
