ASTRO 101 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
Newton's Cannon
Newton realized that, depending on its initial velocity, a projectile might either
- fall to Earth
- fall at a rate that curved less than Earth's surface curves away—an orbit!
"An Object in Motion..." Law of Inertia is what law...
(1st law)
Force of Gravity formula (newtons 1st law)
F= GMm/d2
(newtons 1st law) Formula
F=ma
Mass and Orbital Speed
The force from gravity keeps a planet moving in its orbit
• This force causes a velocity
V Orbit formula
Vorbit = Square root(G/M)/d
Earth moves at nearly ? km/sec in its orbit
30
Hubble space telescope
Hubble is one of the many satellites orbiting Earth
M(Earth) number
6 × 10^24 kg
,Gravitational force number
G = 6.67 × 10-11 m3/ kg s2
If a rocket is launched with a velocity less than the escape velocity then...
it will eventually fall back to Earth
If the rocket achieves a speed higher than the escape velocity then...
it will leave the Earth, and will not fall back
Gravitational Field
An object set on this surface will "fall" toward the center, picking up speed as it falls
Gravitational Field can also be called
"field" (or sometimes "well"
Escape Velocity formula
Kinetic Energy number
1⁄2 m V2
Maneuvering with "Slingshots"
• If we fly by a planet, when we're in close to where its gravity is strong, we can ignore the
"curvature" caused by the Sun.
• We will come back out at the same speed relative
to the planet as we came in.
• If we plan it right, we can use the planet's speed, to make our speed faster relative to the Sun.
Third law for a body orbiting the Sun
P2 =a3
Modified Kepler's Law
MA+ MB= a3/P2
Kinetic Energy formula
, KE = 1⁄2 m V2
Many Various Enterprisers Make Certain Jobs Successful Under New Programs Hiring
Many Employees
Volume
V= 4/3πR3
- Water is ? kg/liter
- Silicate rock is ~? kg/liter
- Iron is ~? kg/liter
- Water is 1 kg/liter
- Silicate rock is ~3 kg/liter
- Iron is ~8 kg/liter
Density formula
Average density of Earth
5.5kg/l
P Waves
(pressure waves) act like sound waves and travel through rock and liquid equally well.
S Waves
(shear waves) are like the waves on a guitar string (moving side- to-side), and only travel
through rock
What causes earthquakes?
P and S waves
? waves travel through liquid and rock, and so are detected everywhere on the planet
P waves
? waves do not travel through liquid because the side-to-side motion is not transmitted.
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
Newton's Cannon
Newton realized that, depending on its initial velocity, a projectile might either
- fall to Earth
- fall at a rate that curved less than Earth's surface curves away—an orbit!
"An Object in Motion..." Law of Inertia is what law...
(1st law)
Force of Gravity formula (newtons 1st law)
F= GMm/d2
(newtons 1st law) Formula
F=ma
Mass and Orbital Speed
The force from gravity keeps a planet moving in its orbit
• This force causes a velocity
V Orbit formula
Vorbit = Square root(G/M)/d
Earth moves at nearly ? km/sec in its orbit
30
Hubble space telescope
Hubble is one of the many satellites orbiting Earth
M(Earth) number
6 × 10^24 kg
,Gravitational force number
G = 6.67 × 10-11 m3/ kg s2
If a rocket is launched with a velocity less than the escape velocity then...
it will eventually fall back to Earth
If the rocket achieves a speed higher than the escape velocity then...
it will leave the Earth, and will not fall back
Gravitational Field
An object set on this surface will "fall" toward the center, picking up speed as it falls
Gravitational Field can also be called
"field" (or sometimes "well"
Escape Velocity formula
Kinetic Energy number
1⁄2 m V2
Maneuvering with "Slingshots"
• If we fly by a planet, when we're in close to where its gravity is strong, we can ignore the
"curvature" caused by the Sun.
• We will come back out at the same speed relative
to the planet as we came in.
• If we plan it right, we can use the planet's speed, to make our speed faster relative to the Sun.
Third law for a body orbiting the Sun
P2 =a3
Modified Kepler's Law
MA+ MB= a3/P2
Kinetic Energy formula
, KE = 1⁄2 m V2
Many Various Enterprisers Make Certain Jobs Successful Under New Programs Hiring
Many Employees
Volume
V= 4/3πR3
- Water is ? kg/liter
- Silicate rock is ~? kg/liter
- Iron is ~? kg/liter
- Water is 1 kg/liter
- Silicate rock is ~3 kg/liter
- Iron is ~8 kg/liter
Density formula
Average density of Earth
5.5kg/l
P Waves
(pressure waves) act like sound waves and travel through rock and liquid equally well.
S Waves
(shear waves) are like the waves on a guitar string (moving side- to-side), and only travel
through rock
What causes earthquakes?
P and S waves
? waves travel through liquid and rock, and so are detected everywhere on the planet
P waves
? waves do not travel through liquid because the side-to-side motion is not transmitted.
