ANP 1111-NEURONS EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
6 Types of Glial Cells
(Smaller size, darker nuclei)
CNS
Astrocytes - hold neurons close to capillaries for nutrient exchange
control environment (mop up leaky K, recapture NTs)
Microglia (thorny) - touch + monitor health, immune/protective (transform into macrophages)
Ependymal (often ciliated to circulate CSF)- line cavities of brain + SC
permeable barrier b/w CSF of cavity and tissue fluid
Oligodendrocytes - wrap few processes around nerve fibers + create myelin sheath
PNS
Satellite - surround neuron cell bodies in PNS/ganglia
same as astrocytes
Schwann - myelin sheath for longer axons in PNS
*vital to regen of peripheral nerve fibers
3 Special features of Neurons
Neurons/Nerve cells are excitable, transmit messages in form of nerve impulses
1) Extreme longetivey
2) Amitotic
3) High metabolic rate (require O2)
3 Functional Regions of a Neuron
, Receptive - dendrites + plasma membrane of cell body
Conducting - axon
Secretory - axon terminals
Structure of a Neuron
Cell body (nucleus + cytoplasm) = biosynthetic/metabolic center
RER, ribosome clusters (Nissl bodies), Golgi, mitochond
*Clusters of cell bodies in CNS = nuclei
in PNS = ganglia ("knot on string")
Processes:
Dendrites - branched, high SA for recieving signals
send graded potentials towards cell body
Axons
terminal branches have knob-like axon terminals
*dendrites have same organelles as cell body
*axons have NO Nissl bodies (ribosomes + ER) or Golgi, aka no protein synthesis = depend on
cell body to renew membrane components
Tract vs Nerve
Tract - bundle of axons in CNS
Nerve - bundle of axons in PNS
Axonal transport
Material travels along axon b/c of motor proteins and cytoskeleton (microtubules)
Anterograde (away from cell body)
Mitochondria, NTs, cytoskel. elem.
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
6 Types of Glial Cells
(Smaller size, darker nuclei)
CNS
Astrocytes - hold neurons close to capillaries for nutrient exchange
control environment (mop up leaky K, recapture NTs)
Microglia (thorny) - touch + monitor health, immune/protective (transform into macrophages)
Ependymal (often ciliated to circulate CSF)- line cavities of brain + SC
permeable barrier b/w CSF of cavity and tissue fluid
Oligodendrocytes - wrap few processes around nerve fibers + create myelin sheath
PNS
Satellite - surround neuron cell bodies in PNS/ganglia
same as astrocytes
Schwann - myelin sheath for longer axons in PNS
*vital to regen of peripheral nerve fibers
3 Special features of Neurons
Neurons/Nerve cells are excitable, transmit messages in form of nerve impulses
1) Extreme longetivey
2) Amitotic
3) High metabolic rate (require O2)
3 Functional Regions of a Neuron
, Receptive - dendrites + plasma membrane of cell body
Conducting - axon
Secretory - axon terminals
Structure of a Neuron
Cell body (nucleus + cytoplasm) = biosynthetic/metabolic center
RER, ribosome clusters (Nissl bodies), Golgi, mitochond
*Clusters of cell bodies in CNS = nuclei
in PNS = ganglia ("knot on string")
Processes:
Dendrites - branched, high SA for recieving signals
send graded potentials towards cell body
Axons
terminal branches have knob-like axon terminals
*dendrites have same organelles as cell body
*axons have NO Nissl bodies (ribosomes + ER) or Golgi, aka no protein synthesis = depend on
cell body to renew membrane components
Tract vs Nerve
Tract - bundle of axons in CNS
Nerve - bundle of axons in PNS
Axonal transport
Material travels along axon b/c of motor proteins and cytoskeleton (microtubules)
Anterograde (away from cell body)
Mitochondria, NTs, cytoskel. elem.
