HA Ch 36 Fetal Echocardiography Congenital
Heart Disease questions and answers with
solutions
artial septal defect - ANSWER defect that provides communication between the left atrium and
the right atrium that continues after birth
atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) - ANSWER failure of the endocardial cushion to fuse; this
defect of the central heart provides communication between the ventricles, between the atria,
or between the atria and ventricles
bicuspid aortic valve - ANSWER congenital abnormality that causes two of the three aortic
leaflets to fuse together, resulting in a two-leaflet valve, instead of the normal three-leaflet
valve; usually the cusps are asymmetrical in size and position; may be the cause of adult aortic
stenosis and/or insufficiency
cardiomyopathy - ANSWER disease of the myocardial muscle layer of the heart that causes the
heart to dilate secondary to regurgitation; also affects cardiac function
dextrocardia - ANSWER the heart is in the right chest with the apex pointed to the right of the
thorax
dextroposition - ANSWER condition in which the heart is located in the right side of the chest
with the cardiac apex pointing medially or to the left
levocardia - ANSWER normal position of the heart in the left chest with the cardiac apex pointed
to the left
, levoposition - ANSWER condition in which the heart is displaced farther toward the left chest,
usually in association with a space-occupying lesion
mesocardia - ANSWER atypical location of the heart in the middle of the chest with the cardiac
apex pointing toward the midline of the chest
myocarditis - ANSWER cardiac disease process of necrosis and destruction of myocardial cells
that involves an inflammatory infiltrate
partial anomalous pulmonary venous return - ANSWER condition in which the pulmonary veins
do not enter the left atrial cavity
pericardial effusion - ANSWER abnormal collection of fluid surrounding the epicardial layer of
the heart
ventricular septal defect - ANSWER defect in the ventricular septum that provides
communication between the right and left chambers of the heart; most common congenital
lesion in the heart
aortic stenosis - ANSWER abnormal development of the cusps of the aortic valve, which results
in thickened and domed leaflets
Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve - ANSWER abnormal displacement of the septal leaflet
of the tricuspid valve toward the apex of the right ventricle; the right ventricle above this leaflet
becomes the "atrialized" chamber
hypoplastic left heart syndrome - ANSWER underdevelopment of the left ventricle with aortic
and/or mitral atresia; left ventricle is extremely thickened compared with the right ventricle
Heart Disease questions and answers with
solutions
artial septal defect - ANSWER defect that provides communication between the left atrium and
the right atrium that continues after birth
atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) - ANSWER failure of the endocardial cushion to fuse; this
defect of the central heart provides communication between the ventricles, between the atria,
or between the atria and ventricles
bicuspid aortic valve - ANSWER congenital abnormality that causes two of the three aortic
leaflets to fuse together, resulting in a two-leaflet valve, instead of the normal three-leaflet
valve; usually the cusps are asymmetrical in size and position; may be the cause of adult aortic
stenosis and/or insufficiency
cardiomyopathy - ANSWER disease of the myocardial muscle layer of the heart that causes the
heart to dilate secondary to regurgitation; also affects cardiac function
dextrocardia - ANSWER the heart is in the right chest with the apex pointed to the right of the
thorax
dextroposition - ANSWER condition in which the heart is located in the right side of the chest
with the cardiac apex pointing medially or to the left
levocardia - ANSWER normal position of the heart in the left chest with the cardiac apex pointed
to the left
, levoposition - ANSWER condition in which the heart is displaced farther toward the left chest,
usually in association with a space-occupying lesion
mesocardia - ANSWER atypical location of the heart in the middle of the chest with the cardiac
apex pointing toward the midline of the chest
myocarditis - ANSWER cardiac disease process of necrosis and destruction of myocardial cells
that involves an inflammatory infiltrate
partial anomalous pulmonary venous return - ANSWER condition in which the pulmonary veins
do not enter the left atrial cavity
pericardial effusion - ANSWER abnormal collection of fluid surrounding the epicardial layer of
the heart
ventricular septal defect - ANSWER defect in the ventricular septum that provides
communication between the right and left chambers of the heart; most common congenital
lesion in the heart
aortic stenosis - ANSWER abnormal development of the cusps of the aortic valve, which results
in thickened and domed leaflets
Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve - ANSWER abnormal displacement of the septal leaflet
of the tricuspid valve toward the apex of the right ventricle; the right ventricle above this leaflet
becomes the "atrialized" chamber
hypoplastic left heart syndrome - ANSWER underdevelopment of the left ventricle with aortic
and/or mitral atresia; left ventricle is extremely thickened compared with the right ventricle
