Pulsed doppler fetal echocardiography
questions and answers with solutions
Peak velocity - ANSWER The maximum velocity on the Doppler spectrum (cm/sec)
Time-to-peak velocity (TPV) - ANSWER The time from onset to peak velocity (msec), also
referred to acceleration time
Deceleration time - ANSWER The time from the peak of the waveform to the intersectio of the
descending slope with the baseline(msec)
Time-velocity intergral (TVI) - ANSWER The measurement of the area under the doppler
waveform over one cardiac cycle(cm)
Time-averaged velocity (TAV) - ANSWER TVI divided by the period time(cm/sec)
E/A ratio - ANSWER A measurement used to quantify doppler waveform across the
atrioventricular valves.
"E" represents peak velocity during ventricular filling, and "A" represents peak velocity during
the atrial contraction
Filling time - ANSWER The diastolic time of the cardiac cycle (msec)
Ejection time - ANSWER The systolic time of the cardiac cycle (msec)
Percent reverse flow - ANSWER A measurement used to quantify doppler waveforms in the
inferior vena cava. It represents TVI of the reverse flow segment (atrial contraction) divided by
the TVI of the total forward flow and multiplies by 100.
questions and answers with solutions
Peak velocity - ANSWER The maximum velocity on the Doppler spectrum (cm/sec)
Time-to-peak velocity (TPV) - ANSWER The time from onset to peak velocity (msec), also
referred to acceleration time
Deceleration time - ANSWER The time from the peak of the waveform to the intersectio of the
descending slope with the baseline(msec)
Time-velocity intergral (TVI) - ANSWER The measurement of the area under the doppler
waveform over one cardiac cycle(cm)
Time-averaged velocity (TAV) - ANSWER TVI divided by the period time(cm/sec)
E/A ratio - ANSWER A measurement used to quantify doppler waveform across the
atrioventricular valves.
"E" represents peak velocity during ventricular filling, and "A" represents peak velocity during
the atrial contraction
Filling time - ANSWER The diastolic time of the cardiac cycle (msec)
Ejection time - ANSWER The systolic time of the cardiac cycle (msec)
Percent reverse flow - ANSWER A measurement used to quantify doppler waveforms in the
inferior vena cava. It represents TVI of the reverse flow segment (atrial contraction) divided by
the TVI of the total forward flow and multiplies by 100.
