CHT PRACTICE TEST Questions And Answers

Peritoneal Dialysis differs from hemodialysis in which of the following? - ANS PD access is by an intra-abdomial catheter. The main difference between an arteriovenous shunt (AVS) and an arteriovenous fistula( AVF) is an: - ANS AVF is entirely within the arm Which of the following dialyzers is used currently ? - ANS Hollow tube Which of the kidney structures connects with and delivers urine directly to the ureter? - ANS Pelvis The glomerular filtration rate(GFR) is an important index of renal function and in the normal adult is approximately: - ANS 125mL/min/1.73m2 All of the following substances are produced by Kidney except: - ANS Aldosterone The most likely cause of post renal failure is: - ANS Benign prostatic hypertrophy The most common cause of chronic kidney disease in the United States is - ANS Diabetes Which of the following conditions is least likely to cause uremia? - ANS Urinary tract infection All of the following conditions are associated with chronic kidney failure except: - ANS Hypo parathyroidism What percentage of transplanted kidneys are functional 1 year after transplantation? - ANS 90% Which hemodialysis schedule is likely to be most efficient? - ANS Short daily home hemodialysis, 2-3 hours a session, 5-7 days a week The fluid restriction for most patients undergoing in center hemodialysis is equal to urine volume/ day plus - ANS 1 liter Failure to excrete beta2 - microglobulin in patients with kidney failure predisposes the patient to: - ANS Amyloidosis Blood test for ferritin are performed in hemodialysis patients - ANS To check for iron stores Which of the following phosphate blinders would best control hyperphosphatemia with the fewest side effects in patients with end stage kidney disease? - ANS Lanthanum carbonate All of the following statements about vitamins in dialysis patients are true except - ANS Dialysis does not remove water-soluble vitamins Osmosis is best define as: - ANS Diffusion of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from low-to high solute concentration In hemodialysis blood and dialysate have which of the following properties? - ANS They flow in opposite directions In the dialyzer, water may be removed from - ANS The intravascular compartment Which site in the hemodialysis pathway has the highest positive pressure - ANS Blood entering the dialyzer fibers The term" sieving coefficient of a membrane" refers to the: - ANS Fraction of solute that passes through the membrane by convection. Water moves from one body compartment to another by - ANS Osmotic forces Biocompatibility is best illustrated by - ANS Reprocessed dialyzers that have a better biocompatibility than new ones The amount of fluid to be taken from the patient during hemodialysis - ANS May be calculated by subtracting the patients estimated dry weight from the pre dialysis weight and adding any fluid the patient receives during treatment. The ultrafiltration coefficient of a dialyzer refers to the - ANS Fluid that passes through the membrane in 1 hour The molecular weight cutoff of a dialyzer is 12,000 daltons. Which of the following molecules would not pass through the membrane into the dialysate? - ANS Albumin Clearance of low- molecular- weight molecules by dialysis is accomplished mostly by - ANS Diffusion A hollow fiber dialyzer has which of the following properties? - ANS Very fine fiber tubes held in place by polyurethane material Synthetic membranes have which of the following properties? - ANS They have thick fiber walls If a dialyzer has a urea clearance rate (K) of 200 ml/min and a blood flow rate (Qb) of 200 ml/min, what volume of the blood will be cleared of urea in 1 minute? - ANS 200mL To determine the most accurate clearance rate of a particular solute, one should: - ANS Measure the solute concentrations of blood going into and out of the dialyzer. All of the following substances are added to the dialysate except: - ANS Phosphate Sodium modeling refers to: - ANS Changing the concentration of the dialysate sodium during the course of dialysis Conductivity is best defined as: - ANS A method of checking electrolyte levels in the dialysate Which of the following statements about the proportioning system is correct? - ANS It relies on a continuous supply of fresh concentrate and treated water. An advantage of high-flux dialysis is: - ANS Fast removal of fluid A disadvantage of high-flux dialysis is: - ANS Pyrogen reactions are common All of the following statements regarding home dialysis are true except: - ANS It cannot be done during sleep In most dialysate systems, the temperature: - ANS Is maintained by a thermistor-controlled heater Dialysate flow rate has which of the following properties? - ANS Low water pressure may set off an alarm Which of the following statements about blood leaks in the dialysis system is correct? - ANS They are detected by use of a light source and photocell Dialysate pH is kept in which of the following ranges? - ANS 7.0-7.4 Which of the following statements about fluid removal from the blood is correct? - ANS It depends on the transmembrane pressure( TMP) Dialysis machine control the rate of fluid removal by: - ANS Either volume or flow control.