NURSING 301 EXAM 2B QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT LATEST
UPDATED 2025/2026
✅ Diagnostic Studies of the Heart
Chest X-Ray (CXR):
✔✔ Checks heart size, shape, and lung involvement
Electrocardiogram (ECG):
✔✔ Evaluates electrical activity, rhythm, ischemia, or infarction
Echocardiogram:
✔✔ Ultrasound of the heart; assesses:
o Heart chamber size and motion
o Valve function
o Ejection fraction (EF)
Exercise Stress Test:
✔✔ Assesses cardiovascular response to physical stress
o Detects coronary artery disease (CAD)
o Evaluates chest pain
o Monitors for arrhythmias
o Assesses post-MI function
🧪 Cardiac Enzymes & Biomarkers
CK-MB (Creatine Kinase–Myocardial Band):
Rises: 3–12 hours after injury
Peaks: ~24 hours
, Returns to baseline: 48–72 hours
✔✔ Indicates myocardial damage
Troponins (I & T):
Proteins specific to myocardial cells; regulate muscle contraction
Troponin T:
Detected: 3–5 hours
Elevated for: 14–21 days
Troponin I:
Detected: ~3 hours
Elevated for: 7–10 days
✔✔ Troponins are more specific and sensitive than CK-MB for detecting
myocardial infarction (MI)
💉 Systems That Regulate Blood Pressure
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS):
✔✔ Increases HR, BP, and CO (cardiac output)
Cardiovascular system:
✔✔ Adjusts heart and vessel function to regulate BP
Renal system:
✔✔ Controls blood volume via fluid retention/excretion
Endocrine system:
✔✔ Releases hormones (e.g., ADH, RAAS) that influence BP
📊 Blood Pressure Categories
,Category Systolic (mmHg) Diastolic (mmHg)
Normal <120 <80
Prehypertension 120–139 80–89
Stage 1 HTN 140–159 90–99
Stage 2 Htn - ANSWER✔✔160/100<
What would we encourage patients to do with prehypertension? -
ANSWER✔✔eat healthy and exercise
What would be encourage patients to do with stage 1 HTN - ANSWER✔✔use
medication and maintain healthy life style
What would we encourage patients to do with stage 2 HTN - ANSWER✔✔use of
combination meds and maintain a healthy lifestyle
Risk factors for HTN - ANSWER✔✔obesity
dyslipidemia
diabetes
sedentary lifestyle
impaired renal function
age
family history
, Metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance - ANSWER✔✔fasting glucose 100< or
abnormal glucose test
Metabolic syndrome: central obesity - ANSWER✔✔35 in< females
40< males
Metabolic syndrome: dyslipidemia - ANSWER✔✔triglycerides 150<
HDL <50 (females) <40 (males)
Metabolic syndrome: BP - ANSWER✔✔135/85<
What are some things that could help diagnose Metabolic Syndrome (only need 3
to diagnose) - ANSWER✔✔insulin resistance
central obesity
dyslipidemia
high BP
high C-reactive protein
high fibrinogen levels
Lifestyle modifications for HTN - ANSWER✔✔decrease sodium intake
DASH diet
decrease weight
increase exercise
moderate alcohol consumption
AND ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT LATEST
UPDATED 2025/2026
✅ Diagnostic Studies of the Heart
Chest X-Ray (CXR):
✔✔ Checks heart size, shape, and lung involvement
Electrocardiogram (ECG):
✔✔ Evaluates electrical activity, rhythm, ischemia, or infarction
Echocardiogram:
✔✔ Ultrasound of the heart; assesses:
o Heart chamber size and motion
o Valve function
o Ejection fraction (EF)
Exercise Stress Test:
✔✔ Assesses cardiovascular response to physical stress
o Detects coronary artery disease (CAD)
o Evaluates chest pain
o Monitors for arrhythmias
o Assesses post-MI function
🧪 Cardiac Enzymes & Biomarkers
CK-MB (Creatine Kinase–Myocardial Band):
Rises: 3–12 hours after injury
Peaks: ~24 hours
, Returns to baseline: 48–72 hours
✔✔ Indicates myocardial damage
Troponins (I & T):
Proteins specific to myocardial cells; regulate muscle contraction
Troponin T:
Detected: 3–5 hours
Elevated for: 14–21 days
Troponin I:
Detected: ~3 hours
Elevated for: 7–10 days
✔✔ Troponins are more specific and sensitive than CK-MB for detecting
myocardial infarction (MI)
💉 Systems That Regulate Blood Pressure
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS):
✔✔ Increases HR, BP, and CO (cardiac output)
Cardiovascular system:
✔✔ Adjusts heart and vessel function to regulate BP
Renal system:
✔✔ Controls blood volume via fluid retention/excretion
Endocrine system:
✔✔ Releases hormones (e.g., ADH, RAAS) that influence BP
📊 Blood Pressure Categories
,Category Systolic (mmHg) Diastolic (mmHg)
Normal <120 <80
Prehypertension 120–139 80–89
Stage 1 HTN 140–159 90–99
Stage 2 Htn - ANSWER✔✔160/100<
What would we encourage patients to do with prehypertension? -
ANSWER✔✔eat healthy and exercise
What would be encourage patients to do with stage 1 HTN - ANSWER✔✔use
medication and maintain healthy life style
What would we encourage patients to do with stage 2 HTN - ANSWER✔✔use of
combination meds and maintain a healthy lifestyle
Risk factors for HTN - ANSWER✔✔obesity
dyslipidemia
diabetes
sedentary lifestyle
impaired renal function
age
family history
, Metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance - ANSWER✔✔fasting glucose 100< or
abnormal glucose test
Metabolic syndrome: central obesity - ANSWER✔✔35 in< females
40< males
Metabolic syndrome: dyslipidemia - ANSWER✔✔triglycerides 150<
HDL <50 (females) <40 (males)
Metabolic syndrome: BP - ANSWER✔✔135/85<
What are some things that could help diagnose Metabolic Syndrome (only need 3
to diagnose) - ANSWER✔✔insulin resistance
central obesity
dyslipidemia
high BP
high C-reactive protein
high fibrinogen levels
Lifestyle modifications for HTN - ANSWER✔✔decrease sodium intake
DASH diet
decrease weight
increase exercise
moderate alcohol consumption
