BIOS 100 EXAM 1
• What is a molecule?: Molecules form when two or more atoms form chemical bonds with
each other.
Ex: H2O (water)
N2 (nitrogen), O3 (ozone), CaO (calcium oxide), C6H12O6 (glucose, a type ofsugar).
• What are the three chemical bonds we discussed in class (one we actuallycalled an
interaction instead of a bond)? Which bond forms from sharing electrons? Which bond forms
from one atom "stealing" an electron or two fromanother? Which bond forms from partial
opposite charges on two separate molecules?: -Ionic bonds, Convalent bonds, and Hydrogen
bonds.
-Convalent bonds involve the sharing of one or more electrons between atoms.
-Ionic bonds involve the transfer (stealing) of one or more electrons from one atomto another.
-Hydrogen bonds forms between oppositely charges portions of covalently bondedhydrogen
atoms.
• Write the molecular formula for water and also draw its shape showing thelocation of the 3
atoms and two bonds that make it.: Formula: H2O
• What is cohesion, adhesion, and capillary action? What type of chemical bond is mostly
responsible for these properties of water?: -Cohesion: Attractionbetween molecules of the same
substance. (Makes water sticky)
-Adhesion: Attraction between molecules of different substances.
-Capillary action: Cohesion and adhesion together.
-Hydrogen bond is responsible for the properties of water.
• What does hydrophobic mean? List an example of something that is hydrophobic.: Water
hating; meaning they do not mix with water. Example: Alkanes,oils, fats, and greasy substances
in general.
• Describe one way in which water helps with homeostasis.: Water helpshomeostasis by
making a good insulator, resisting temperature changes.
, Ex: Water helps because when your body temperature gets to hot, your bodyreleases water as
sweat, to cool down your body.
• When a solution has more H+ ions than OH- ions, is it an acid or a base?Would its pH be
below 7 or above 7?: -It would be an acid.
-Below 7.
• Be able to figure out how much more or less H+ is in a solution of a certain pH compared to
a different solution.: Ex: How much less hydrogen is in a solutionof
pH 4 compared to pH 1? 1000x
Ex: How much less hydrogen is in a solution ofpH 8 compared to pH 7? 10x
Ex: How much less hydrogen is in a solution ofpH 9 compared to pH 12? .0001x
• What is the purpose of a buffer?: The buffer function is to minimize the changein pH when
base or acid is added to the solution.
• What is a monomer and a polymer?: A monomer is a repeating structure, orunit, within a
type of large molecule known as a polymer. Monomer: One molecule;Polymer: Large
molecules.
• What are the four major categories of macromolecules?: -Nucleic acids: DNA & RNA;
molecules that enable living organisms to reproduce genetic informa-tion from one generation
to the next.
-Carbohydrates: Molecules that provide fuel and build structures in the body.
-Proteins: Molecules that provide structural support, storage, transport, cell commu-nication,
movement, and defense.
-Lipids: Molecules that store energy and regulate the body's metabolic processes.
• What are the monomer of carbohydrates? What are the examples of a simple sugar and a
complex carbohydrate? What is their main use for us?: -
-Monomers of carbohydrates are monosaccharides which are single simple sugars(glucose,
fructose, galactose).
-Simple carbohydrates are also called simple sugars and are chemically made of one or two
sugars. A simple sugar can be just what the name implies, the sugar inyour sugar bowl. Things
like candy, syrups, and soda pop are also straightforwardexamples of simple carbs. Simple
• What is a molecule?: Molecules form when two or more atoms form chemical bonds with
each other.
Ex: H2O (water)
N2 (nitrogen), O3 (ozone), CaO (calcium oxide), C6H12O6 (glucose, a type ofsugar).
• What are the three chemical bonds we discussed in class (one we actuallycalled an
interaction instead of a bond)? Which bond forms from sharing electrons? Which bond forms
from one atom "stealing" an electron or two fromanother? Which bond forms from partial
opposite charges on two separate molecules?: -Ionic bonds, Convalent bonds, and Hydrogen
bonds.
-Convalent bonds involve the sharing of one or more electrons between atoms.
-Ionic bonds involve the transfer (stealing) of one or more electrons from one atomto another.
-Hydrogen bonds forms between oppositely charges portions of covalently bondedhydrogen
atoms.
• Write the molecular formula for water and also draw its shape showing thelocation of the 3
atoms and two bonds that make it.: Formula: H2O
• What is cohesion, adhesion, and capillary action? What type of chemical bond is mostly
responsible for these properties of water?: -Cohesion: Attractionbetween molecules of the same
substance. (Makes water sticky)
-Adhesion: Attraction between molecules of different substances.
-Capillary action: Cohesion and adhesion together.
-Hydrogen bond is responsible for the properties of water.
• What does hydrophobic mean? List an example of something that is hydrophobic.: Water
hating; meaning they do not mix with water. Example: Alkanes,oils, fats, and greasy substances
in general.
• Describe one way in which water helps with homeostasis.: Water helpshomeostasis by
making a good insulator, resisting temperature changes.
, Ex: Water helps because when your body temperature gets to hot, your bodyreleases water as
sweat, to cool down your body.
• When a solution has more H+ ions than OH- ions, is it an acid or a base?Would its pH be
below 7 or above 7?: -It would be an acid.
-Below 7.
• Be able to figure out how much more or less H+ is in a solution of a certain pH compared to
a different solution.: Ex: How much less hydrogen is in a solutionof
pH 4 compared to pH 1? 1000x
Ex: How much less hydrogen is in a solution ofpH 8 compared to pH 7? 10x
Ex: How much less hydrogen is in a solution ofpH 9 compared to pH 12? .0001x
• What is the purpose of a buffer?: The buffer function is to minimize the changein pH when
base or acid is added to the solution.
• What is a monomer and a polymer?: A monomer is a repeating structure, orunit, within a
type of large molecule known as a polymer. Monomer: One molecule;Polymer: Large
molecules.
• What are the four major categories of macromolecules?: -Nucleic acids: DNA & RNA;
molecules that enable living organisms to reproduce genetic informa-tion from one generation
to the next.
-Carbohydrates: Molecules that provide fuel and build structures in the body.
-Proteins: Molecules that provide structural support, storage, transport, cell commu-nication,
movement, and defense.
-Lipids: Molecules that store energy and regulate the body's metabolic processes.
• What are the monomer of carbohydrates? What are the examples of a simple sugar and a
complex carbohydrate? What is their main use for us?: -
-Monomers of carbohydrates are monosaccharides which are single simple sugars(glucose,
fructose, galactose).
-Simple carbohydrates are also called simple sugars and are chemically made of one or two
sugars. A simple sugar can be just what the name implies, the sugar inyour sugar bowl. Things
like candy, syrups, and soda pop are also straightforwardexamples of simple carbs. Simple
