FORTIS MICROBIOLOGY EXAM SCRIPT 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Sterialization procedures generally focus on inactivating or eliminating? -
✔✔Bacterial endospores
✔✔What may be achieved using chlorine bleach or boiling water? - ✔✔Disinfection
✔✔Some microbial control agents are able to _____________ cell proteins by breaking
bonds that maintain the native state (three-dimensional configuration) of the proteins? -
✔✔Denature
✔✔As an RN, you diligently practice proper hand washing technique when your hands
are visibly dirty. Which of the following terms appropriately describes the type of
antimicrobial control provided by hand washing with soap and water? - ✔✔degermation
✔✔As an RN, you utilize an alcohol-based hand cleaner with friction rub when your
hands are not visibly dirty. Which of the following terms appropriately describes the type
of antimicrobial control provided by alcohol-based hand cleaners? - ✔✔antisepsis
✔✔What concentration of alcohol is deemed most effective in alcohol-based hand
cleaners? - ✔✔70%
✔✔What is targeted by alcohol-based hand cleaners? - ✔✔Bacteria, fungi and viruses
✔✔As the RN, you cleanse the urethral opening with an iodine swab. Which of the
following terms most appropriately describes this method of microbial control? -
✔✔Antiseptic
✔✔A frameshift is caused by what type of mutations? - ✔✔Deletion and insertion
✔✔A permanent, inheritable change in the genetic information is called? - ✔✔Mutation
✔✔The jumping of a gene from one location to another is done by? - ✔✔Transposons
✔✔Standard methods of sterilization are not effective in inactivating? - ✔✔prions
✔✔Which of the following microbial forms have the highest resistance to physical and
chemical controls? - ✔✔bacterial endospores
✔✔The horizontal transfer process known as transduction? - ✔✔involves a virus
, ✔✔What type of mutation alters the base, but not the amino acid being coded for? -
✔✔Silent
✔✔The use of a physical or chem process to destroy live pathogens from inaminate
objects is termed? - ✔✔disinfection
✔✔A mutation that changes a normal codon to a stop codon is called? - ✔✔nonsense
mutation
✔✔Which of the following terms describes the transfer of genetic information with the
same generation? - ✔✔Horizontal transfer
✔✔The most serious type of mutation is a? - ✔✔Frame shift mutation
✔✔The process of using a cleansing technique to mechanically remove and reduce
microorganisms and debris to safe levels on inanimate object is? - ✔✔santization
✔✔Antimicrobial agents that damage nucleic acids also affect? - ✔✔protein synthesis
✔✔Bacterial conjugation involves? - ✔✔A donor cell with a plasmid that synthesizes a
pilus
✔✔The use of chemical agents directly on exposed surfaces to destroy or inhibit
pathogens? - ✔✔antisepsis
✔✔The type of mutation that specifies a different amino acid in a protein is a? -
✔✔Missense Mutation
✔✔The transfer of DNA fragments from a dead cell to a live, competent recipient cell is?
- ✔✔transformation
✔✔A mutation in which an amino acid codon is changed into a stop codon is a? -
✔✔nonsense mutation
✔✔Horizontal gene transfer mediated by a pilus? - ✔✔Conjugation
✔✔An insertion or deletion of one or more bases results in a ? - ✔✔frameshift
mutation?
✔✔The jumping of a gene from one location to another is done by? - ✔✔Transposons
✔✔A change in DNA sequence arising from errors in replication that occur randomly is?
- ✔✔spontaneous mutation
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Sterialization procedures generally focus on inactivating or eliminating? -
✔✔Bacterial endospores
✔✔What may be achieved using chlorine bleach or boiling water? - ✔✔Disinfection
✔✔Some microbial control agents are able to _____________ cell proteins by breaking
bonds that maintain the native state (three-dimensional configuration) of the proteins? -
✔✔Denature
✔✔As an RN, you diligently practice proper hand washing technique when your hands
are visibly dirty. Which of the following terms appropriately describes the type of
antimicrobial control provided by hand washing with soap and water? - ✔✔degermation
✔✔As an RN, you utilize an alcohol-based hand cleaner with friction rub when your
hands are not visibly dirty. Which of the following terms appropriately describes the type
of antimicrobial control provided by alcohol-based hand cleaners? - ✔✔antisepsis
✔✔What concentration of alcohol is deemed most effective in alcohol-based hand
cleaners? - ✔✔70%
✔✔What is targeted by alcohol-based hand cleaners? - ✔✔Bacteria, fungi and viruses
✔✔As the RN, you cleanse the urethral opening with an iodine swab. Which of the
following terms most appropriately describes this method of microbial control? -
✔✔Antiseptic
✔✔A frameshift is caused by what type of mutations? - ✔✔Deletion and insertion
✔✔A permanent, inheritable change in the genetic information is called? - ✔✔Mutation
✔✔The jumping of a gene from one location to another is done by? - ✔✔Transposons
✔✔Standard methods of sterilization are not effective in inactivating? - ✔✔prions
✔✔Which of the following microbial forms have the highest resistance to physical and
chemical controls? - ✔✔bacterial endospores
✔✔The horizontal transfer process known as transduction? - ✔✔involves a virus
, ✔✔What type of mutation alters the base, but not the amino acid being coded for? -
✔✔Silent
✔✔The use of a physical or chem process to destroy live pathogens from inaminate
objects is termed? - ✔✔disinfection
✔✔A mutation that changes a normal codon to a stop codon is called? - ✔✔nonsense
mutation
✔✔Which of the following terms describes the transfer of genetic information with the
same generation? - ✔✔Horizontal transfer
✔✔The most serious type of mutation is a? - ✔✔Frame shift mutation
✔✔The process of using a cleansing technique to mechanically remove and reduce
microorganisms and debris to safe levels on inanimate object is? - ✔✔santization
✔✔Antimicrobial agents that damage nucleic acids also affect? - ✔✔protein synthesis
✔✔Bacterial conjugation involves? - ✔✔A donor cell with a plasmid that synthesizes a
pilus
✔✔The use of chemical agents directly on exposed surfaces to destroy or inhibit
pathogens? - ✔✔antisepsis
✔✔The type of mutation that specifies a different amino acid in a protein is a? -
✔✔Missense Mutation
✔✔The transfer of DNA fragments from a dead cell to a live, competent recipient cell is?
- ✔✔transformation
✔✔A mutation in which an amino acid codon is changed into a stop codon is a? -
✔✔nonsense mutation
✔✔Horizontal gene transfer mediated by a pilus? - ✔✔Conjugation
✔✔An insertion or deletion of one or more bases results in a ? - ✔✔frameshift
mutation?
✔✔The jumping of a gene from one location to another is done by? - ✔✔Transposons
✔✔A change in DNA sequence arising from errors in replication that occur randomly is?
- ✔✔spontaneous mutation
