FORTIS MICROBIOLOGY EVALUATION EXAMS 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Unique about Euraryotic: - ✔✔Protozoa
DNA is in the nucleus
Unicelluar
Move by psuodopodia, cilia, or flagellum
Reproduce sexually or sexually
Can live as free entities or as parasites
Includes things like Amoebas
✔✔Unique about Algae - ✔✔DNA is in the nucleus
contain complex internal organelles
photosynthetic
some reproduce asexually others sexually
various shapes and sizes
most studies are unicelluar
most have a cell wall of cellulose
they are CO2 to make carbohydrates and O2..good food source for other living
organisms
✔✔Unique about Plants - ✔✔Cell wall made of cellulose
Complex internal organelles
Enveloped DNA
Photosynthesis
Multicellular
✔✔Unique about Animals and Humans - ✔✔Phospholipid bi-layer only., no outer
covering
complex organelles
DNA housed in a nuclear envelope
Multicellular
✔✔Unique about viruses - ✔✔NOT eukaryotic or prokaryotic-they are not cells
small
structurally
contain a core of EITHER NOT BOTH DNA or RNA
Protein coat surrounding the genetic nucleotides
Sometimes an additional coat or lipid membrane surrounds the protein coat, called an
envelope.This is NOT the same thing as a nuclear envelope in a eukaryotic organism!
✔✔What is Spontaneous Generation - ✔✔Life was thought to come from non-living
matter
Louis Pasteur finally came up with experiments to disprove spontaneous generation
, ✔✔What is Robert Koch known for - ✔✔Koch's postulates
✔✔What is Edward Jenner known for - ✔✔1796, England. Discovers that inoculation
with cowpox results in higher immunity to small pox
✔✔What are ways to prevent infections without hurting the host - ✔✔Chemotherapy
Antibiotics
Synthetic drugs
Target cell functions necessary for life
✔✔What are some first synthetic drugs - ✔✔Salvarsan
Sulfa drugs
Penicllin
✔✔Salvarsan - ✔✔an arsenic derivative effective against syphilis
✔✔Quinine - ✔✔1930s manufactured in a lab to combat bacterial infections
✔✔Penicllin - ✔✔Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered that a certain type of mold
inhibited bacterial growth on petri dishes
✔✔What is Bacteriology - ✔✔The study of bacteria
✔✔What is Mycology - ✔✔The study of fungi
✔✔What is Parasitology - ✔✔The study of parasites
✔✔What is Immunology - ✔✔The study of immune system
✔✔What is gene therapy - ✔✔The ability to remove a damaged gene and replace it with
a desired one
✔✔Normal Microbiota aka "Normal flora" - ✔✔Protect from opportunistic/harmful
microbes
They help and digest vitamins and minerals
Control immune system, skin, stomach acid
They can also become harmful:
T=too much
R-resistant forms
I-in the wrong place
✔✔Unique about biofilms - ✔✔Microorganism that can live in large communiteies called
biofilms
slimly stuff on the bottom lake
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Unique about Euraryotic: - ✔✔Protozoa
DNA is in the nucleus
Unicelluar
Move by psuodopodia, cilia, or flagellum
Reproduce sexually or sexually
Can live as free entities or as parasites
Includes things like Amoebas
✔✔Unique about Algae - ✔✔DNA is in the nucleus
contain complex internal organelles
photosynthetic
some reproduce asexually others sexually
various shapes and sizes
most studies are unicelluar
most have a cell wall of cellulose
they are CO2 to make carbohydrates and O2..good food source for other living
organisms
✔✔Unique about Plants - ✔✔Cell wall made of cellulose
Complex internal organelles
Enveloped DNA
Photosynthesis
Multicellular
✔✔Unique about Animals and Humans - ✔✔Phospholipid bi-layer only., no outer
covering
complex organelles
DNA housed in a nuclear envelope
Multicellular
✔✔Unique about viruses - ✔✔NOT eukaryotic or prokaryotic-they are not cells
small
structurally
contain a core of EITHER NOT BOTH DNA or RNA
Protein coat surrounding the genetic nucleotides
Sometimes an additional coat or lipid membrane surrounds the protein coat, called an
envelope.This is NOT the same thing as a nuclear envelope in a eukaryotic organism!
✔✔What is Spontaneous Generation - ✔✔Life was thought to come from non-living
matter
Louis Pasteur finally came up with experiments to disprove spontaneous generation
, ✔✔What is Robert Koch known for - ✔✔Koch's postulates
✔✔What is Edward Jenner known for - ✔✔1796, England. Discovers that inoculation
with cowpox results in higher immunity to small pox
✔✔What are ways to prevent infections without hurting the host - ✔✔Chemotherapy
Antibiotics
Synthetic drugs
Target cell functions necessary for life
✔✔What are some first synthetic drugs - ✔✔Salvarsan
Sulfa drugs
Penicllin
✔✔Salvarsan - ✔✔an arsenic derivative effective against syphilis
✔✔Quinine - ✔✔1930s manufactured in a lab to combat bacterial infections
✔✔Penicllin - ✔✔Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered that a certain type of mold
inhibited bacterial growth on petri dishes
✔✔What is Bacteriology - ✔✔The study of bacteria
✔✔What is Mycology - ✔✔The study of fungi
✔✔What is Parasitology - ✔✔The study of parasites
✔✔What is Immunology - ✔✔The study of immune system
✔✔What is gene therapy - ✔✔The ability to remove a damaged gene and replace it with
a desired one
✔✔Normal Microbiota aka "Normal flora" - ✔✔Protect from opportunistic/harmful
microbes
They help and digest vitamins and minerals
Control immune system, skin, stomach acid
They can also become harmful:
T=too much
R-resistant forms
I-in the wrong place
✔✔Unique about biofilms - ✔✔Microorganism that can live in large communiteies called
biofilms
slimly stuff on the bottom lake
