Human Parasitology exam questions and answers fully solved
Leishmania
Paper and lifecycle - AnswersPaper: Teixiera
Lifecylce: promastigots and amastogotes
Lysosomes-go to vaccule to release things into it to prevent infection
spread through the saliva of the sandfly
Leishmania C 57 BL6 - Answersintroduces interferon
-activates NFKB which induces inos and produces NO
-activates CAM essentially
Leishmania BALB/c - Answers-activates PPARgamma which activates arginase
-arginase is a precurser for NOS
-So stops NO from being produced
-activates AAM essentially
activates Th2
Dr Chen Leishmania paper - Answers-tried using mice with l donovani (NOT L MAJOR)
-mice got enlarged liver and spleen
-found increase of ppar gamma and ppar alpha
-found increase in the l donovani cell number
-they treated with SR202 chemical (anti ppar gamma chemical)- found an increase in nitric oxide
concentration (good thing for treating the disease)
-they treated with curcumin- turmeric type compound that enhances the pathology of l
donovani, because it is antinflammatory and causes the immune cells to deplete the area of
infection
Where does the amastigotes multiply in leishmania - Answersin the lysosomes of macrophages
What leishmania stage infects the human host - Answersmetacyclic promastigote of leishmania
infects the cells
what leishmania stage multiplies in the sandfly gut - Answersprocyclic form is the one that
multiples in the gut of the sandfly
,What is the definitive host for leishmania - Answerssandfly
Phlebatomous-old world sandfly species
Lutsomyia-the new world sandfly species
Benifit of leshmania to fly - AnswersLeishmania infections protects from other infections of gut
in the sandfly
Seratia marcescens
-this disease can kill the sandfly
-however after a fly is infected with the leishmania, this pathogen cannot infect the sandfly as
well
Therapy for leishmania - AnswersAntileishmania drugs
Pentavalent antimony(SB) compounds
-Pentastam (sodium stibagluconate)
-Glucantime (meglanome anttimoniate)
-administered by Injections
Amphotericin B drugs
-used for fungal diseases
-can be toxic
Amisone (Lipsome)
-a form of amphoterin B
-injection
Miltephosine (limpavido)
-company was studying cancers,
-can also work against leishmania
-only drug you can take orally
, Paromomycin
-antibiotic
-can also work against leishmania and cyrptosporidium
Trifluralin
-can kill leishmania
-worked on cutaneous leishmaniaasis
-apparently it can also work of trypanosoma b and cruzi
-antamoeba can also be killed by this
-used as a weed killer
Proteosome
-degrades proteins
-a new way of tackling hemoflaggalates
Genome of l cutaneous vs visceral - AnswersLi1040
-an endosomal gene
-made the disease viceralize
Genome of leishmania - Answers30ish mb
35-36 chromosomes
8100 genes
Leishmaniasis global prevelance and deaths per year - Answers10 million 50,000
India,
SSAfrica,
Latin America
Three types of Leishmaniasis based on temperature environment: - Answers1) Visceral
-Main species are L. donovani, infantum (in infants), chagasi
Leishmania
Paper and lifecycle - AnswersPaper: Teixiera
Lifecylce: promastigots and amastogotes
Lysosomes-go to vaccule to release things into it to prevent infection
spread through the saliva of the sandfly
Leishmania C 57 BL6 - Answersintroduces interferon
-activates NFKB which induces inos and produces NO
-activates CAM essentially
Leishmania BALB/c - Answers-activates PPARgamma which activates arginase
-arginase is a precurser for NOS
-So stops NO from being produced
-activates AAM essentially
activates Th2
Dr Chen Leishmania paper - Answers-tried using mice with l donovani (NOT L MAJOR)
-mice got enlarged liver and spleen
-found increase of ppar gamma and ppar alpha
-found increase in the l donovani cell number
-they treated with SR202 chemical (anti ppar gamma chemical)- found an increase in nitric oxide
concentration (good thing for treating the disease)
-they treated with curcumin- turmeric type compound that enhances the pathology of l
donovani, because it is antinflammatory and causes the immune cells to deplete the area of
infection
Where does the amastigotes multiply in leishmania - Answersin the lysosomes of macrophages
What leishmania stage infects the human host - Answersmetacyclic promastigote of leishmania
infects the cells
what leishmania stage multiplies in the sandfly gut - Answersprocyclic form is the one that
multiples in the gut of the sandfly
,What is the definitive host for leishmania - Answerssandfly
Phlebatomous-old world sandfly species
Lutsomyia-the new world sandfly species
Benifit of leshmania to fly - AnswersLeishmania infections protects from other infections of gut
in the sandfly
Seratia marcescens
-this disease can kill the sandfly
-however after a fly is infected with the leishmania, this pathogen cannot infect the sandfly as
well
Therapy for leishmania - AnswersAntileishmania drugs
Pentavalent antimony(SB) compounds
-Pentastam (sodium stibagluconate)
-Glucantime (meglanome anttimoniate)
-administered by Injections
Amphotericin B drugs
-used for fungal diseases
-can be toxic
Amisone (Lipsome)
-a form of amphoterin B
-injection
Miltephosine (limpavido)
-company was studying cancers,
-can also work against leishmania
-only drug you can take orally
, Paromomycin
-antibiotic
-can also work against leishmania and cyrptosporidium
Trifluralin
-can kill leishmania
-worked on cutaneous leishmaniaasis
-apparently it can also work of trypanosoma b and cruzi
-antamoeba can also be killed by this
-used as a weed killer
Proteosome
-degrades proteins
-a new way of tackling hemoflaggalates
Genome of l cutaneous vs visceral - AnswersLi1040
-an endosomal gene
-made the disease viceralize
Genome of leishmania - Answers30ish mb
35-36 chromosomes
8100 genes
Leishmaniasis global prevelance and deaths per year - Answers10 million 50,000
India,
SSAfrica,
Latin America
Three types of Leishmaniasis based on temperature environment: - Answers1) Visceral
-Main species are L. donovani, infantum (in infants), chagasi
