BIOCHEM C785 Final Exam Latest 2025
Which mRNA sequence results in a polypeptide that contains three amino acids? -
ANS-5' - CUU GAU ACU UAG - 3'
Which RNA sequence would end in the following polypeptide?
Phe-Thr-Val-Stop - ANS-5' - UUC ACA GUA UAA - 3'
What is the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence?
5' - GCC ATC TCG AAT - 3' - ANS-5' - ATT CGA GAT GGC - 3'
Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the
completion of four complete PCR cycles? - ANS-16
What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR? - ANS-It recognizes the
primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA sequence.
5' - [...] ATT CGC TAG GGC [...] - 3' − Normal DNA
5' - [...] ATT CGC GAG GGC [...] - 3' − Mutant DNA
Which type of mutation and outcome characterizes the Mutant DNA? - ANS-A missense
mutation leading to a longer protein
In sickle-cell disease, the glutamic acid (Glu) at position number seven is mutated to
valine (Val).
What change in codons corresponds to this mutation? - ANS-GAA to GTA
What are possible blood types of the parents of a patient with blood type AB? - ANS-A
and B
Which pair of chromosomes accurately depicts the genotype of a person with an
autosomal recessive mutant HBB allele and sickle cell anemia? - ANS-option 3- 2
mutant genes on chromosome 11
Which pair of chromosomes accurately depicts the genotype of a person with an X-
linked recessive mutant ALAS2 allele and sideroblastic anemia? - ANS-option 3,
mutated allele
Studies have shown that increased expression of two genes called SIRT1 and SIRT2 is
associated with chronic exposure to cocaine and contributes to drug addiction.
, What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in people addicted to
cocaine increases their expression? - ANS-The nucleosomes become more widely
spaced.
Mice with low levels of agouti gene expression tend to have yellow fur and are obese,
while mice with higher levels of expression are brown and of normal weight. Studies
show that expression of the agouti gene in mice can be controlled by epigenetics.
Mice with low levels of agouti gene expression tend to have yellow fur and are obese,
while mice with higher levels of expression are brown and of normal weight. Studies
show that expression of the agouti gene in mice can be controlled by epigenetics.
What scenario describes epigenetic regulation of the agouti gene? - ANS-Mother mice
fed methyl-rich diets during pregnancy give birth to offspring with decreased agouti
gene expression compared to those fed a methyl-poor diet.
Oxidative damage to DNA can often result in the alteration of a single nucleotide.
Which DNA repair mechanism would repair this type of damage? - ANS-Base excision
repair
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a recessive genetic disease that occurs when one or
more of the genes that perform nucleotide excision repair are nonfunctional.
Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer than the general
population? - ANS-The mutation rate of all other genes is higher due to failure to repair.
Which reaction is responsible for the formation of polypeptides? - ANS-Dehydration
Which portion of the amino acid is inside the box? - ANS-Carboxyl group
Which amino acid side group is polar? - ANS-option 2-one with charge
When placed within a polypeptide chain, which amino acid would interact most
favorably with nonpolar amino acids? - ANS-option 2-non polar
Which term describes the order of amino acids in a peptide chain? - ANS-Primary
structure
When using heat to denature a protein, which force is the first to be disrupted as
temperature increases? - ANS-Hydrophobic interactions
A commonly used technique for protein denaturation is adding an acid or a base to
dramatically change the pH.
Which force is most impacted by this change in pH? - ANS-Ionic bonds
Which mRNA sequence results in a polypeptide that contains three amino acids? -
ANS-5' - CUU GAU ACU UAG - 3'
Which RNA sequence would end in the following polypeptide?
Phe-Thr-Val-Stop - ANS-5' - UUC ACA GUA UAA - 3'
What is the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence?
5' - GCC ATC TCG AAT - 3' - ANS-5' - ATT CGA GAT GGC - 3'
Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the
completion of four complete PCR cycles? - ANS-16
What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR? - ANS-It recognizes the
primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA sequence.
5' - [...] ATT CGC TAG GGC [...] - 3' − Normal DNA
5' - [...] ATT CGC GAG GGC [...] - 3' − Mutant DNA
Which type of mutation and outcome characterizes the Mutant DNA? - ANS-A missense
mutation leading to a longer protein
In sickle-cell disease, the glutamic acid (Glu) at position number seven is mutated to
valine (Val).
What change in codons corresponds to this mutation? - ANS-GAA to GTA
What are possible blood types of the parents of a patient with blood type AB? - ANS-A
and B
Which pair of chromosomes accurately depicts the genotype of a person with an
autosomal recessive mutant HBB allele and sickle cell anemia? - ANS-option 3- 2
mutant genes on chromosome 11
Which pair of chromosomes accurately depicts the genotype of a person with an X-
linked recessive mutant ALAS2 allele and sideroblastic anemia? - ANS-option 3,
mutated allele
Studies have shown that increased expression of two genes called SIRT1 and SIRT2 is
associated with chronic exposure to cocaine and contributes to drug addiction.
, What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in people addicted to
cocaine increases their expression? - ANS-The nucleosomes become more widely
spaced.
Mice with low levels of agouti gene expression tend to have yellow fur and are obese,
while mice with higher levels of expression are brown and of normal weight. Studies
show that expression of the agouti gene in mice can be controlled by epigenetics.
Mice with low levels of agouti gene expression tend to have yellow fur and are obese,
while mice with higher levels of expression are brown and of normal weight. Studies
show that expression of the agouti gene in mice can be controlled by epigenetics.
What scenario describes epigenetic regulation of the agouti gene? - ANS-Mother mice
fed methyl-rich diets during pregnancy give birth to offspring with decreased agouti
gene expression compared to those fed a methyl-poor diet.
Oxidative damage to DNA can often result in the alteration of a single nucleotide.
Which DNA repair mechanism would repair this type of damage? - ANS-Base excision
repair
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a recessive genetic disease that occurs when one or
more of the genes that perform nucleotide excision repair are nonfunctional.
Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer than the general
population? - ANS-The mutation rate of all other genes is higher due to failure to repair.
Which reaction is responsible for the formation of polypeptides? - ANS-Dehydration
Which portion of the amino acid is inside the box? - ANS-Carboxyl group
Which amino acid side group is polar? - ANS-option 2-one with charge
When placed within a polypeptide chain, which amino acid would interact most
favorably with nonpolar amino acids? - ANS-option 2-non polar
Which term describes the order of amino acids in a peptide chain? - ANS-Primary
structure
When using heat to denature a protein, which force is the first to be disrupted as
temperature increases? - ANS-Hydrophobic interactions
A commonly used technique for protein denaturation is adding an acid or a base to
dramatically change the pH.
Which force is most impacted by this change in pH? - ANS-Ionic bonds
