OpenStax Psychology 2e - Full
professional organization representing psychologists in the United States -
American Psychological Association
focus on observing and controlling behavior -
behaviorism
study of how biology influences behavior -
biopsychology
perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to determine an
individual's health -
biopsychosocial model
area of psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other
problematic patterns of behavior -
clinical psychology
study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions -
cognitive psychology
area of psychology that focuses on improving emotional, social, vocational, and other aspects of the
lives of psychologically healthy individuals -
counseling psychology
scientific study of development across a lifespan -
developmental psychology
long research paper about research that was conducted as a part of the candidate's doctoral training -
dissertation
method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a
method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities -
empirical method
area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues within and related
to the justice system -
forensic psychology
focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment -
functionalism
perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans -
humanism
1
,process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into
its component parts -
introspection
suffix that denotes "scientific study of" -
ology
(doctor of philosophy) doctoral degree conferred in many disciplinary perspectives housed in a
traditional college of liberal arts and sciences -
PhD
(doctor of psychology) doctoral degree that places less emphasis on research-oriented skills and
focuses more on application of psychological principles in the clinical context -
PsyD
study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique -
personality psychology
consistent pattern of thought and behavior -
personality trait
allows young scientists to further develop their research programs and broaden their research skills
under the supervision of other professionals in the field -
postdoctoral training program
Greek word for soul -
psyche
focus on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior -
psychoanalytic theory
scientific study of the mind and behavior -
psychology
area of psychology that focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional factors and
physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities -
sport and exercise psychology
understanding the conscious experience through introspection -
structuralism
established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany -
Wilhelm Wundt
Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens. -
Plato
French philosopher, nativist, and dualist -
2
, Descartes
the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact -
Dualism
founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment -
William James
famous for his 8-stage model of psychosocial development; neo-Freudian -
Erik Erikson
developed behaviorism ( the study of observable behavior) -
John B. Watson
discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell -
Ivan Pavlov
Social learning theory; Bobo doll experiment -
Albert Bandura
created hierarchy of needs -
Abraham Maslow
Theory of Moral Development -
Lawrence Kohlberg
Credited with starting the feminist revolution in psychology -
Naomi Weisstein
Continued her father's work in psychoanalysis with an emphasis on children. -
Anna Freud
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882) -
Charles Darwin
Greek philosopher that said all matter is made of tiny particles called "atomos" or atoms -
Democritus
the psychological perspective primarily concerned with observable behavior that can be objectively
recorded and with the relationships of observable behavior to environmental stimuli -
behaviorist perspective
the perspective that stresses the influences of unconscious forces on human behavior -
psychoanalytic perspective
the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection -
evolutionary psychology
3
, how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information -
cognitive perspective
the Bible of Psychoanalysis by Freud -
The Interpretation of Dreams
perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture -
sociocultural perspective
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions,
discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. -
critical thinking
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory -
Hypothesis
obedience to authority; had participants administer what they believed were dangerous electrical
shocks to other participants; wanted to see if Germans were an aberration or if all people were
capable of committing evil actions -
Stanley Milgram
rational emotive behavior therapy -
Albert Ellis
the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment. -
Critical Thinking
examination of one's own thoughts and feelings -
Introspection
a formal and long paper, written for a degree at a university or college -
Dissertation
created the forgetting curve and serial position effect in memory -
Herman Ebbinghaus (1850-1909)
Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines. -
Solomon Asch
Studied attachment in monkeys with artificial mothers -
Harry Harlow
example of what happens when we rely on our subjective impressions; brain damage before and
after the surgery remained the same -
Prefrontal Lobotomy
mental shortcuts or rules of thumb -
Heuristics
4
professional organization representing psychologists in the United States -
American Psychological Association
focus on observing and controlling behavior -
behaviorism
study of how biology influences behavior -
biopsychology
perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to determine an
individual's health -
biopsychosocial model
area of psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other
problematic patterns of behavior -
clinical psychology
study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions -
cognitive psychology
area of psychology that focuses on improving emotional, social, vocational, and other aspects of the
lives of psychologically healthy individuals -
counseling psychology
scientific study of development across a lifespan -
developmental psychology
long research paper about research that was conducted as a part of the candidate's doctoral training -
dissertation
method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a
method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities -
empirical method
area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues within and related
to the justice system -
forensic psychology
focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment -
functionalism
perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans -
humanism
1
,process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into
its component parts -
introspection
suffix that denotes "scientific study of" -
ology
(doctor of philosophy) doctoral degree conferred in many disciplinary perspectives housed in a
traditional college of liberal arts and sciences -
PhD
(doctor of psychology) doctoral degree that places less emphasis on research-oriented skills and
focuses more on application of psychological principles in the clinical context -
PsyD
study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique -
personality psychology
consistent pattern of thought and behavior -
personality trait
allows young scientists to further develop their research programs and broaden their research skills
under the supervision of other professionals in the field -
postdoctoral training program
Greek word for soul -
psyche
focus on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior -
psychoanalytic theory
scientific study of the mind and behavior -
psychology
area of psychology that focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional factors and
physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities -
sport and exercise psychology
understanding the conscious experience through introspection -
structuralism
established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany -
Wilhelm Wundt
Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens. -
Plato
French philosopher, nativist, and dualist -
2
, Descartes
the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact -
Dualism
founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment -
William James
famous for his 8-stage model of psychosocial development; neo-Freudian -
Erik Erikson
developed behaviorism ( the study of observable behavior) -
John B. Watson
discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell -
Ivan Pavlov
Social learning theory; Bobo doll experiment -
Albert Bandura
created hierarchy of needs -
Abraham Maslow
Theory of Moral Development -
Lawrence Kohlberg
Credited with starting the feminist revolution in psychology -
Naomi Weisstein
Continued her father's work in psychoanalysis with an emphasis on children. -
Anna Freud
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882) -
Charles Darwin
Greek philosopher that said all matter is made of tiny particles called "atomos" or atoms -
Democritus
the psychological perspective primarily concerned with observable behavior that can be objectively
recorded and with the relationships of observable behavior to environmental stimuli -
behaviorist perspective
the perspective that stresses the influences of unconscious forces on human behavior -
psychoanalytic perspective
the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection -
evolutionary psychology
3
, how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information -
cognitive perspective
the Bible of Psychoanalysis by Freud -
The Interpretation of Dreams
perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture -
sociocultural perspective
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions,
discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. -
critical thinking
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory -
Hypothesis
obedience to authority; had participants administer what they believed were dangerous electrical
shocks to other participants; wanted to see if Germans were an aberration or if all people were
capable of committing evil actions -
Stanley Milgram
rational emotive behavior therapy -
Albert Ellis
the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment. -
Critical Thinking
examination of one's own thoughts and feelings -
Introspection
a formal and long paper, written for a degree at a university or college -
Dissertation
created the forgetting curve and serial position effect in memory -
Herman Ebbinghaus (1850-1909)
Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines. -
Solomon Asch
Studied attachment in monkeys with artificial mothers -
Harry Harlow
example of what happens when we rely on our subjective impressions; brain damage before and
after the surgery remained the same -
Prefrontal Lobotomy
mental shortcuts or rules of thumb -
Heuristics
4
